Chapter 25 - Vocabulary Flashcards
The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as lactate, glycerol, or amino acids.
Gluconeogenesis
A process that attaches the amino group of an amino acid to a keto acid (resembles an amino acid except that the second carbon binds an oxygen atom rather than an amino group)
Transamination
Polar or ionic heads form an outer shell in contact with water, while non polar tails are sequestered in the interior
Micelles
The synthesis of lipids
Lipogenesis
Produced normally by the liver as part of fatty acid metabolism
Ketones
A sequence of enzymatic reactions which removes hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfers them to coenzymes
Citric acid cycle
The synthesis of new organic molecules.
Anabolism
The removal of an amino group and a hydrogen atom in a reaction that generates an ammonium ion. Prepares an amino acid for breakdown in the citric acid cycle.
Deamination
Another name for lipid catabolism, whereby lipids are broken down into pieces that can be either converted to pyruvate or channeled directly into the citric acid cycle.
Lipolysis
Amino acids which must come from your diet. (8 cannot be synthesized by the body, 2 cannot be synthesized fast enough)
Essential amino acids
Lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins
Chylomicrons
Refers to all the chemical reactions that take place in an organism.
Metabolism
A sequence of reactions in which fatty acid molecules are broken down into 2-carbon acetic acid fragments, and FAD and NAD 1.
Beta-oxidation
The generation of ATP within mitochondria in a reaction sequence that requires coenzymes and consumes oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation
At normal pH inside the cells, pyruvic acid loses a hydrogen atom to become this negatively charged ion (CH3-CO-COO-)
Pyruvate
