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Flashcards in Chapter 25 Deck (67)
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1
Q

Atelectasis

A

The collapsing of the alveoli

2
Q

List Orlowski predictors

A
  1. Patient is under three years old
  2. Patient has been submerged for less than five minutes
  3. Resuscitation begins within 10 minutes of submersion
  4. Patient is not comatose at hospital
  5. Patients pH acidity does not fall below 7.1
    Any patient who meets three or more of these criteria has less than a 5% chance of survival
3
Q

What is a dry drowning

A

The lyrics spasms and closes and does not allow for water to go into the lower airway

4
Q

What is surfactant

A

A substance that maintains surface tension in the alveoli to keep them from collapsing

5
Q

Body temperature of hypothermia

A

Court temperature of 95 Fahrenheit or 35 Celsius

6
Q

Can an AED be used on a Hypothermic patient?

A

Yes

7
Q

Mammalian
diving
reflex

A

Water colder than 70°F it’s the face and causes mammals to peripheral vasoconstriction , heart rate slows , tightening of the larynx and sending all the bodies oxygen to the brain and heart

8
Q

Define dependent lividity

A

Purpleish color caused by blood pooling in the lowest areas of a dead body

9
Q

When do You place your hand over the epigastric area of the amp demand and apply firm pressure to a drowning patient

A

When they have gastric distention that impedes their ability to ventilate properly

10
Q

What is

dysbarism?

A

A medical condition that results from the effects on the body from changes in ambient pressure

11
Q

Boyles law

A

At a constant temperature the volume of a gas is inversely related to the pressure

12
Q

Dalton’s law

A

The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases that make up the mixture.

For example the air we breathe is approximately 78% nitrogen the air pressure at sea level is 760MMHG to pursue the pressure of nitrogen at sea level is 78% of 760 which equals 593, as a diver goes deeper the pressure of each component gas in the air increases proportionally the pressure of the inhaled Nitrogen increases, the nitrogen begins to dissolve into the blood Dash other gases in the mixture do not have this action. Nitrogen in the blood affects the electrical properties of the brain and at 50 feet of depth is equivalent to one alcoholic drink called nitrogen narcosis

13
Q

What is
nitrogen
narcosis
What causes it

A

It is a drunken feeling that deep divers get at 50+ feet it’s caused by nitrogen being forced and dissolved into the blood which then affects the electrical properties of the brain

14
Q

Henry’s law

A

At a constant temperature of the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid it is in contact with is proportionate to the pressure of the gas around it.

15
Q

What is decompression sickness or DC S

A

Also known as the bins, divers disease or Kyson disease is caused by dissolved gases in the body’s blood primarily plasma and body fat forming bubbles as the diver ascends.

The bubbles have two primary effects on the body: first they act as emboli causing obstructions in circulation and secondly they compress or stretch the blood vessels and nerves the bubbles can also cause coagulation of blood to occur as a result the vessels and tissue release substances like in an allergic reaction the substance is produce signs and symptoms similar to those of an allergic reaction

16
Q

For one person CPR on a newborn what is the ratio of compressions to vent elation

A

Three compressions to one Malaysian

17
Q

What is the ratio of compressions to been elation for one person CPR in an infant

A

30 compressions at a rate of at least 100 per minute and no greater than 120 per minute to ventilations

18
Q

Ratio of compressions to ventilation for a child one year of age to adolescent

A

30 compressions at a rate of at least 100 per minute or no greater than one20 per minute to two violations

19
Q

five types

of consent

A

Informed expressed implied minor and involuntary

20
Q

4 tems must be demonstrated what are they

A

EMT had duty to act
Breached the duty
Harm
Link established between breach and harm

21
Q

What is the

perineum

A

Soft tissue between the vagina in the rectum

22
Q

What is the fundus

A

Top portion of the uterus

23
Q

Describe the cervix

A

Nero tapered neck of the uterus that meets the birth canal

24
Q

What is the

bloody show

A

The mucous plug is discharge from the cervix win the service dilates the expulsion of the plug signals the first stage of labor

25
Q

Hyperemesis gravidarum

A

Severe nausea morning sickness and severe vomiting typically Lasting throughout the entire pregnancy

26
Q

Placenta previa

A

The placenta completely covers the cervix locks the birth canal can prevent delivery as the cervix dilate significant bleeding there are three types total partial and marginal

27
Q

Abruptio

placentae

A

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall prior to the birth of the baby

28
Q

List of physiologic changes pregnancy

A

At the end of pregnancy uterus weighs 2 pounds and holds 5000 mL of fluid

  • The uterus contains 16% of the total blood volume of the mother
  • Hormones cause smooth muscle dilation in the respiratory track
  • Tidal volume increases by 40% we are functional reserve volume decreases leaving the mother with respiratory reserve
  • Increase and O2 consumption approximately 20%
  • Maternal blood volume increases by 45% also increases in red blood cells which delays the signs and symptoms of shock in a pregnant patient
  • Mom’s heart rate increases by 10 to 15 bpm
  • Blood pressure decreases slightly during the first and second trimester returns to normal in the third
  • Bladder is displaced superiority and anteriorly increasing the risk of injury
29
Q

Predisposing factors for Abruptio placentsee

A

Hypertension, use of cocaine or other Vasoactive Drugs, preeclampsia, multi party several births, previous abruption, smoking, short umbilical cord, premature rupture of the amniotic sac, diabetes mellitus, trauma

30
Q

Preeclampsia

A

A form of hypertension and pregnancy less severe than eclampsia in which seizures or, may develop both are life-threatening

31
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

32
Q

Hallmark sign and symptom of abruptly placental

A

Vagina bleeding with abnormal pain and tenderness in the second half of pregnancy

  • Vagina bleeding can be severe, minimal, or absent, depending on the location of the head
  • Abdominal tenderness upon palpation
  • Constant abdominal pain uterine muscle spasms can be mild or sharp and acute Payne will be even between contractions when giving birth
  • Signs of hypovolemic shock if bleeding is severe or occurs over a longer period
  • Pain in the lower back
33
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Shot caused by the loss of blood or fluid from the intravascular space resulting in a low blood volume

34
Q

How much blood can be concealed in the uterus

A

2.5 L

35
Q

Assessment findings that should alert you to a ruptured uterus

A

History of previous uterine rupture

History or findings of abdominal trauma

History of a large fetus

Having born more than two children

History of prolonged and difficult labor

Tearing or sharing sensation in the abdomen

Constant and Severe abdominal pain and nausea

Signs of hypovolemic shock

Vagina bleeding can be minimal or severe

Stopping of noticeable uterine contractions

Ability to palpate the infant in the abdominal cavity especially an arm or leg

36
Q

Hypercarbia

A

Increased carbon dioxide in the blood stream

37
Q

How is pregnancy induced hypertension measured

A

Blood pressure in a pregnant woman that is greater than 140/90 on two or more occasions at six hours apart
Also
If the patient has low blood pressure prior to pregnancy an increase in the systolic greater than 30 and a diastolic greater than 15 above baseline

38
Q

Women at the highest predisposition for a clamp Sia have these traits

A

Women with a history of diabetes, heart disease, kidney problems or high blood pressure or at greatest risk

39
Q

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia

A

Elevated blood pressure 140/90 or a systolic increase of over 30 and or diastolic increase of more than 15

Blood pressure of 160/110 or higher

Pulmonary edema such as cracks upon auscultation respiratory distress and SPO2 reading of below 94

AMS

Right upper quadrant pain

Nausea and vomiting

A decrease in urine output

Severe persistent headache

40
Q

Respecters and pregnant patients for developing preeclampsia

A

Pregnant for the first time

Pregnant with multiple gestation’s twins triplets or more

History of previous preeclampsia

Obesity

Diabetes mellitus

Connective tissue disorders

Pre-existing hypertension

41
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Changes in patient’s mental status from alterations in blood glucose brain cell damage and death can occur if blood glucose which is a little level

42
Q

Treatment for emergency medical care of a pre-delivery emergency

A

High concentration oxygen 15 PM by nonrebreather regardless of SPO2 levels if seizure begins administer PPV during the seizure reduce noise and movement is this can bring on seizures transport without lights and siren

43
Q

Supine hypotensive

A

Second or third trimester complication occurs when the weight of the fetus compresses the Pierier vena cava when the patient is supine reducing blood flow to the right atrium which decreases the preload

44
Q

How do you perform a tilt test

A

Placed patient in supine position take heart rate and blood pressure wait two minutes stand the patient up take the heart rate and blood pressure a second time if the heart rate increases greater than 10 to 20 bpm in the systolic blood pressure decreases by 10 to 20 mmHg do you have a positive orthostatic or tilt test indicate significant loss of blood or Fluid volume

45
Q

Gravida

A

The number of pregnancies usually reported as grabbed it and then, a primagravida is your patients first pregnancy

46
Q

Para

A

Refers to a woman who has given birth to a fetus of 20 weeks of gestation or or greater regardless of whether it was a live birth or still born

Para one would indicate a mother who gave birth for the first time or wants to one or more children

47
Q

Signs and symptoms of antepartum emergencies

A

Abdominal pain nausea vomiting

Vagina bleeding passage of tissue

Weakness dizziness

Altered mental status

Seizures

Excessive swelling of the face and extremities

Abdominal trauma

Hypovolemic shock

Hypertension blood pressure greater than 140/90 or greater than 30 systolic and 15 diastolic over her baseline

48
Q

Normal labor is divided in three stages

A

Dilation, expulsion, placental delivery

49
Q

What happens in effacement

A

When does the cervix fins to allow the fetus to come through and delivery

50
Q

When does the dilation stage end

A

The dilation stage is when contractions are a regular 3 to 4 minute intervals last at least 60 seconds each and feel intense

51
Q

How is the interval of contractions measured

A

From beginning to beginning

52
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions

A

Painless short a regular can of her early 13th week of gestation thought to be a Conditioning process for the uterus no cervical dilation or effacement

53
Q

Cephalic

Delivery

A

Also called a vertex presentation this is the normal presentation delivery the face position downward with the occiput of the head facing upward which is referred to as occiput anterior

54
Q

What determines pregnancy induced hypertension

A

Blood pressure greater than 140/90 on two or more occasions six hours apart

55
Q

The signs that the delivery of the placenta or eminent

A

1-Set an increase in bleeding from the vagina
2-Uterus become smaller in size
3-Umbilical cord lengthens
4-Urge to push

56
Q

Describe rule of thumb for gestational period by looking at the mothers anatomy

A

Bulger reaching to the umbilicus is 20 weeks, reaching to the xiphoid process is 38 weeks then dropping in Whiting is 40 weeks and ready to birth

57
Q

Indicators of
eminent
Birth

A

Crowning

Contractions less than two minutes apart in tents and last from 60 to 90 seconds

Mom feels babies head moving down the birth canal I E urge to poo

Mom has strong urge to push

Abdomen extremely hard

58
Q

What do you do if delivery is eminent but the head does not come through the cervix within 10 minutes

A

Contact medical directive and prepare to transport

59
Q

What is your assumption if the head is presented in the cervix and then disappears in the mother complains of sharp intense constant abdominal pain

A

Possible uterine rupture the fetus may be expelled into the abdominal cavity

60
Q

Nuchal cord

A

When the cord is wrapped around the baby’s neck

61
Q

Prolapsed

Cord

A

Cord presents before the baby at the cervix

62
Q

Knee chest

Position

A

Kneeling in the bent forward face down head down chest to knees and place the stretcher in a steep Trendelenburg position

63
Q

Breech

Birth

A

But or lower extremities present in the cervix

64
Q

Describe the three types of breech birth

A

Frank breach- But first knees extended against the abdomen

Complete breach- But first flexed hips bent knees

Incomplete breach- One or both feet are the presenting part

65
Q

Compound

A

When the arm or leg into the birth canal and presents with the head or buttocks

66
Q

Turtle sign

A

When the fetal shoulders are larger than the head to head delivers but then retracts into the vagina because the shoulders are caught

67
Q

Terms
For
A
Baby

A

Newly born
At the time of birth

Newborn
Within the first few hours of birth

Neonate
Within the first 28 to 30 days after birth

Infant
From 28 to 30 days to one year of age