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Flashcards in Chapter 23&24 Deck (68)
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1
Q

Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leader

A

William Jennings Bryan.

2
Q

One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was

A

sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties.

3
Q

During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both Democratic and the Republican parties was

A

political patronage

4
Q

President James A. Garfield was assassinated

A

by a deranged, disappointed office seeker.

5
Q

Which of the following was not among the groups that formed the solid political base of the Republican party in the late nineteenth century?

A

Northern big cities

6
Q

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

A

the withdrawal of federal troops and abandonment of black rights in the South.

7
Q

President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his action of

A

borrowing $65 million in gold from J.P. Morgan’s banking syndicate.

8
Q

The Credit Mobilier scandal involved

A

railroad construction kickbacks.

9
Q

The greatest political beneficiary of the backlash against President Cleveland in the mid-term Congressional elections of 1894 were the

A

Republicans

10
Q

In religious and cultural terms, the Republicans appealed especially to groups that derived their views from the

A

Puritan tradition of strict moral codes and government regulation of morality and society.

11
Q

President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because

A

the Democrats and Liberal Republicans chose the eccentric editor Horace Greenly as their candidate

12
Q

The Pendleton Act required people applying for many federal government jobs to

A

take a competitive examination.

13
Q

A major cause of the panic that broke in 1873 were

A

the expansion of more factories, railroads, and mines than existing markets would bear.

14
Q

The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election was

A

tariff policy

15
Q

At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African Americans using

A

all of these

16
Q

As a solution to the depression that followed the panic of 1873, debtors strongly advocated

A

inflation through issuance of far more greenback paper currency.

17
Q

Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist party in their convention in 1892?

A

government guarantees of parity prices for farmers

18
Q

Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when

A

the last federal troops were removed in 1877.

19
Q

In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States congress

A

passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.

20
Q

The political base of the Democratic party in the late nineteenth century lay especially in

A

the white South and big-city immigrant machines.

21
Q

The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on

A

the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.

22
Q

The conservative white Bourbon Democrats of the South largely succeeded in crushing the Populist revolt by

A

appealing to poor white farmers’ anti-black racial feelings against their economic interests.

23
Q

The nation railroad strike of 1877 started when

A

the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent.

24
Q

In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by “waving the bloody shirt” were reminding voters

A

that the Republican party had fought and won the Civil War.

25
Q

The legal codes that established the system of segregation were

A

called Jim Crow laws.

26
Q

With the passage of the Pendleton Act, prohibiting political contributions from many federal workers, politicians increasingly sought money from

A

big corporations

27
Q

New York’s notoriously corrupt Boss Tweed was finally jailed under the pressure of

A

New York Times exposes and the cartoons of Thomas Nast.

28
Q

Despite his status as a military hero, General Ulysses S. Grant proved to be a weak political leader because he

A

had no political experience and was a poor judge of character.

29
Q

The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes began with

A

sharp class conflict and a national railroad strike.

30
Q

The Billion-Dollar congress quickly disposed of rising government surpluses by

A

expanding pensions for Civil War veterans.

31
Q

The Liberal Republican revolt from the regular Republican party in 1872 was motivated primarily by

A

disgust at the corruption and scandals of the Grant administration.

32
Q

Blacks who violated the Jim Crow laws or other elements of the South’s racial code were often subject to

A

lynching.

33
Q

When he was president, Grover Cleveland’s strong belief in a laissez-faire approach to government gained the support of

A

business people.

34
Q

In the 1896 case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that

A

“separate but equal” facilities were constitutional.

35
Q

Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in

A

the use of federal troops during strikes.

36
Q

Two technological innovations that greatly expanded the industrial employment of women in the late nineteenth century were the

A

typewriter and the telephone

37
Q

The greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network was that it

A

united the nation into a single, integrated national market

38
Q

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of

A

Henry Bessemer

39
Q

America’s first billion-dollar corporation was

A

United States Steel

40
Q

One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it

A

represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business

41
Q

The two industries that the transcontinental railroads most significantly expanded were

A

mining and agriculture

42
Q

J.P. Morgan undermined competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)

A

interlocking dictorate

43
Q

The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolies

A

by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers

44
Q

In the case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company vs. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court held that state legislatures could not regulate railroads because

A

railroads were interstate businesses and could not be regulated by any single state

45
Q

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

A

land grants and loans

46
Q

Many southerners saw employment in the textile mills as

A

the only steady jobs and wages available

47
Q

The first major product of the oil industry was

A

kerosene

48
Q

Which of the following was not among the common forms of corruption practiced by wealthy railroad barons?

A

forcing their employees to buy railroad company stock

49
Q

The vast, integrated, continental U.S. market greatly enhanced the American inclination toward

A

mass manufacturing of standardized industrial products

50
Q

Believers in the doctrine of “survival of the fittest,” like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, believed that

A

the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor

51
Q

One of the major reasons that the Knights of Labor failed was its

A

lack of class consciousness

52
Q

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act prohibited

A

private corporations or organizations from engaging in “combinations in restraint of trade”

53
Q

The organizational technique of vertical integration of all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company was pioneered by

A

Andrew Carnegie with the steel industry

54
Q

The United States changed to standard time zones when

A

the major rail line decreed common fixed times so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks

55
Q

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was

A

elimination of as much competition as possible

56
Q

The ___ Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments

A

seventeenth

57
Q

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the

A

Interstate Commerce Commission

58
Q

The group whose lives were most dramatically altered by the new industrial age was

A

women

59
Q

The largest southern-based monopolistic corporation was the one founded by James Duke to produce

A

cigarrettes

60
Q

The people who found fault with the captains of industry mostly argued that these men

A

built their corporate wealth and power by exploiting workers

61
Q

During the age of industrialization, the South

A

remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural

62
Q

Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by

A

state legislatures

63
Q

The image of the “Gibson Girl” represented a(n)

A

romantic ideal of the independent and athletic new woman

64
Q

Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called

A

pools

65
Q

Most women workers of the 1890s worked for

A

economic necessity

66
Q

The oil industry became a huge business

A

with the invention of the internal combustion engine

67
Q

The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was

A

the railroad network

68
Q

The “Gospel of Wealth” endorsed by Andrew Carnegie

A

held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility in the use of their God-given money