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A&P Final > Chapter 22 Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Type of Defense

  • specific
  • more diffuse
  • gets better within time
A

Adaptive Immunity

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2
Q
  • the ability of adaptive immunity to recognize a particular substance
  • only recognizes the target ( molecule shape)
  • antigen / marker= target
A

specificity

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3
Q
  • When new pathogens comes in it can adapt to defense
A

Versatility

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4
Q
  • adaptive - memory from previous virus

- attacks faster and better

A

Memory

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5
Q

Defense cell can tell the difference between foreign cells and self cells.
It does not destroy healthy self cells.

A

Tolerance

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6
Q

Whenever your own immune cells are attacking itself ( good cells ).

A

Auto immune disease

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7
Q

2 subdivisions of Adaptive Immunity

A
  1. Antibody - mediated

2. Cell- mediated

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8
Q
  • involves proteins called antibodies, which are found in fluids outside cells,- plasma of blood intersitital fluids and lymph
  • B cells give rise to cells that produce antibodies
  • Involves B- lymphocytes
  • Responds responds to extra cellular antigens
A

Antibody Mediated immunity

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9
Q
  • t cell lymphocytes are involved

- responds to intra cellular antigens

A

Cell Mediated Immunity

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10
Q

adaptive immunity can recognize, respond to, and remember particulat substances. Substances that stimulate adaptive immunity are called _____.

A

Antigens

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11
Q

Antigens are divided to into two groups

A
  • Foreign Antigens

- Self Antigens

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12
Q

This type of antigens are

  • not produced by the body but are introduced from outside of it.
  • ex. Bacteria, Viruses and Other Microorganisms - pollen
A

Foreign Antigens

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13
Q

These type of antigens are

  • molecules the body produces to stimulate the adaptive immue system response.
  • response can either be helpful or harmful
  • recognizing tumor antigens can response in tumor destruction
A

Self Antigens

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14
Q

The thymus produces a hormone ______ which stimulates T-cell maturation.

A

Thymosin

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15
Q

Lymphocytes are derived from _____

A

Lymphoid stem cells

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16
Q

Pre- t cells migrate form ____ to ___ where some will mature into T- cells

A

Bone marrow to thymus

17
Q

B- cells mature in the _____ .

A

Bone Marrow

18
Q

Antibody generators are also knows as

A

Antigens

19
Q

Antigens Substances that are recognized as ______ and _____ an immune response.

A

Recognized
Provoke
- activation of B and T cells

20
Q

How do antigens respond? ( 2 ways)

A

By destroying or ignoring

21
Q

Type of Antigen:
- Molecules produced by the body that stimulate an immune response
( can be beneficial or harmful )

A

Self Antigens

22
Q

Type of antigen:

- not produced by the body but are introduced from the outside

A

Foreign Antigens

23
Q

Antigens are ____ not cells

A

Molecules

24
Q

a state of unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to a specific antigen.
Prevent immune system from responding to self antigens.

A

tolerance

25
Q

These are large complex and usually proteins.

A

Antigens

26
Q

Antigens contain certain regions that are recognized by the lymphocytes and cause the immune response called

A

Epitopes or Antigenic Determinants

27
Q

An antigen usually has many______ , each of which induces productions of specific antibodies or activates a type of T cell.

A

Epitopes

28
Q

Smaller substances that have reactivity but no immunogenicity
- Causes immune response only when attached to larger carrier
usually associated with allergic reaction

A

Haptens

29
Q

What will bind with Epitopes ? ( 2 things )

A

Antibodies

Lymphocytes

30
Q

Regions of antigens recognized by lymphocytes.

A

Antigenic determinants ( epitopes )

31
Q

Most cells have “ self antigens” where are they located?

A
  • at the plasma membrane surface

- integral membrane

32
Q

Each individual antigen will have unique _____.

A

MHC antigens

33
Q

Transplant success depends on similarity between ______ of the recipient and the donor .

A

MHC antigens

34
Q
  • found on all nucleated cells

- display substance produced inside the cell

A

MHC Class I molecules

35
Q

Within the MHC antigens is a peptide bonding groove

  • during breakdown of proteins within a cell, peptide cam become associated with newly synthesised MHC
  • if peptide is recognized as self, t tells ______
  • if the peptide is recognized as foreign _____
A

ignores it

immune response begins

36
Q

What will trigger immune response?

A

Foreign antigen inside the cell

37
Q

_______ are the “ checkers “ to see if the cell is infected with a virus or bacteria or if there is a mutation on the cell. This allows for the the lymphocyte to get rid of the “ bad nut”

A

Lymphocytes

38
Q
  • Found on antigen- presenting cells ( APC) which include the B cell, macrophages, and other cell types
  • Engulf material by endocytosis, process the material and incorporate some of the molecules into the MHC molecules
  • may stimulate activation of lymphocytes
A

MHC Class III Molecules

39
Q

Type of Defense

  • non specific
  • no improvement
  • inflammation / fever
A

Innate defense

A&P Final (2 decks)

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