Chapter 20 - Cultural Evolution Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 20 - Cultural Evolution Deck (19)
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1
Q

Define culture

A

Culture is the range of learned behaviour patterns acquired by a species/population.

2
Q

Summarise cultural evolution

A

The cultural evolution of a population be seen seen in the gradual improvement of tools, better methods of obtaining food, increased sophistication of language and other changes that have resulted in a complex culture.

3
Q

Define home base.

A

A home base is a camp site to which prehistoric hunters brought back food for other members of their group. It is a specific place where they live or operate from.

4
Q

Describe the diet of the Early Homo culture

A
  • Started to consume meat for energy
  • Males hunted for food, females gathered vegetation
  • Brought food back to home base for all members to share
  • Relied mainly on plant food
  • The main source of meat was from hunting and scavenging the remains of prey killed by carnivores.
5
Q

Describe the interdependence of the Early Homo culture

A

The exchanged of food within a group would have increased the demand for a type of communication

6
Q

How can bone indentations work as evidence of the way early homo hunted?

A
  • A number of bones show cut marks by stone tools or teeth at early Homo fossil sites
  • New technology with high magnification can be used to distinguish the markings on the bones.
  • Human teeth left a broad, smooth groove on the bone
  • Stone tools left smaller, parallel grooves on the bone
7
Q

Describe the diet of the Homo erectus culture

A
  • Heavily involved fruits, vegetables and nuts that had been gathered
  • Meat was starting to be consumed more
  • Shared food with families and friends
8
Q

Describe the use of fire by the Homo erectus

A
  • First hominin to effectively use fire

- Used to keep away predators, provide warmth, heard prey and cook food.

9
Q

What were some benefits of using fire?

A
  • Gave warmth
  • Scare away predators
  • Provide Light
  • Herd prey
  • Cook food (improved the flavour and destroyed bacteria)
10
Q

What type of tools did Australopithecines use?

A

Oldowan tools or pebble tools

  • Found in Olduvai, Africa
  • Tools included choppers, scrapers, flakes and chisels
11
Q

What type of tools did Homo erectus use?

A

Acheulian tools

  • Found in St Acheul, France
  • Use as hand axes
  • Flaked all around the edges until it formed a tear drop shape
12
Q

What type of tools did Homo Neanderthalensis use?

A

Mousterian tools

  • Found in Le Moustier, France
  • Stone flakes that could be used to form various cutting, scraping, gouging and piercing tools
13
Q

Describe the three different tools the Cro-Magnum people used.

A
  1. Aurignacian tools
    - Found in Aurignac, France
    - Blade tools with roughly parallel edges
  2. Solutrean tools
    - Found in Solutré, France
    - Delicate points
    - Served very little practical purpose
  3. Magdalenian
    - Found in Madelein, France
    - Dominantly bone and antler tools
14
Q

What were the two types of art the cro-magnum people created?

A
  1. Mural art
    - attached to permanent surfaces
  2. Portable art
    - art that could be carried (carved figures)
15
Q

What is the Neolithic revolution?

A

The Neolithic revolution is the domestication of plants and animals and the construction of villages. It is the agricultural revolution.

16
Q

What is Emmer?

A

A hybridised form of wheat formed by crossing wild goat grass and wild wheat.

17
Q

What were the first animals to be domesticated?

A

Sheep

18
Q

What did settled life allow for?

A
  • new tools and techniques
  • pottery
  • weaving
  • metallurgy
19
Q

What are two species that scientists are still looking into ?

A

The Denisovans and the Red Deer People