Chapter 2 Practice Test Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 2 Practice Test Deck (25)
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1
Q

Which of the three components of the atom has the smallest mass?

A

electron

2
Q

Thomson’s electron-beam experiments determined _______.

A

the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron

3
Q

Which of the following is not a postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory?

A

Elements are composed of many types of atoms

4
Q

In his experiment, Millikan was able to determine the __________ of an electron. He then used the ratio discovered by Thomson to find the __________ of an electron.

A

charge; mass

5
Q

Why were X-rays a necessary part of Millikan’s experiment?

A

The X-rays caused the oil drops to become charged.

6
Q

Millikan determined the charge of an electron, which is _____________ .

A

1.60 × 10^−19 C

7
Q

Why did it take 20 or so years after Rutherford’s gold-foil experiment for someone to finally prove the existence of neutrons?

A

Since neutrons had no charge, they could not be detected by electric or magnetic fields.

8
Q

Rutherford used ________________ in his experiments to analyze the structure of an atom.

A

gold foil

9
Q

Which of the three components of an atom are clustered in the nucleus?

A

neutrons and protons

10
Q

What does a mass spectrometer measure?

A

the mass to charge ratio of an atom

11
Q

A sample of an element is placed in a mass spectrometer. More than one signal is detected. What does this most likely indicate?

A

The atoms have varying numbers of neutrons

12
Q

Carbon has 6 protons. A sample of carbon was placed in the mass spectrometer. A signal was detected at 12 and at 13. Which of the following statements is best explaination?

A

The sample contained two isotopes of carbon.

13
Q

An atomic number represents the number of:

A

Protons

14
Q

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with

A

the same number of protons and a varying number of neutrons.

15
Q

On the periodic table, the atomic number given for an element

A

equals the number of protons in the element.

16
Q

The rows of the periodic table are referred to as periods. Which of the following is true (without exception) regarding elements in the same period on the periodic table?

A

They have atomic numbers that increase, as you move from left to right in the table.

17
Q

Who was responsible for arranging the elements in a periodic table?

A

Mendeleev

18
Q

Suppose you are a scientist working on developing the periodic table, and there is a gap in your table. From the information in the illustration, what could you predict about the missing element?

A

The number of electrons in an atom of the neutral element.

19
Q

Which of the following statements is false?

A

A molecular formula uniquely describes a molecule.

20
Q

A molecule of caffeine consists of 8 carbon atoms, 10 hydrogen atoms, 4 nitrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. Which of the following represents the empirical formula for caffeine?

A

C4H5N2O

21
Q

C2H2 is a chemical formula for acetylene. Which type of chemical formula is it?

A

A molecular formula

22
Q

Which of the following is a suffix used when naming cations?

A

−ium

23
Q

Which of the following best describes the compounds HNO3, HClO4, and H3PO4?

A

acids

24
Q

What prefix is used to name a hydrocarbon with 2 carbons?

A

Eth-

25
Q

Which of the following is an alkene with 5 carbons?

A

Pentene

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