Chapter 2 Populations Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 2 Populations Deck (23)
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1
Q

Agricultural density

A

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for farming

2
Q

Arithmetic density

A

The total number of people divided by total land area

3
Q

Census

A

A complete enumeration of a population

4
Q

Crude birth rate (CD-R)

A

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society

5
Q

Demographic transition

A

The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth/death and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth/death rates, low rate of natural increase and higher total population

6
Q

Demography

A

The scientific study of population characteristics

7
Q

Dependency ratio

A

The number of people under 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

8
Q

Doubling time

A

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming constant rate of natural increase

9
Q

Ecumene

A

The portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

10
Q

Epidemiologic transition

A

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

11
Q

Epidemiology

A

The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease that are prevalent among a population at a certain time

12
Q

Industrial revolution

A

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

13
Q

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

A

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year for every 1,000 live births in a society

14
Q

Life expectancy

A

The average # of years an individual can be expected to live given certain social, economical, & medical conditions

15
Q

Medical revolution

A

Medical technology invented in Europe & North America that had diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, & Africa

16
Q

Natural increase rate (NIR)

A

The percentage of growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth-crude death

17
Q

Overpopulation

A

A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

18
Q

Pandemic

A

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population

19
Q

Physiological density

A

The number of people per unit of area of farming land

20
Q

Population pyramid

A

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex

21
Q

Sex ratio

A

The numbers of males per 100 females

22
Q

Total fertility rate (TFR)

A

The average # of children a women will have throughout her childbearing years

23
Q

Zero population growth (ZPG)

A

A decline of the total fertility rate to a point where the national increase rate = 0