Chapter 2: Functional Organization Of The Cell Flashcards Preview

PHYSIOLOGY - 1st Year 1st Sem Comprehensive Exam > Chapter 2: Functional Organization Of The Cell > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 2: Functional Organization Of The Cell Deck (38)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

It is a digestive organelle.

A

Lysosome

2
Q

When a gene is expressed, it

A

serves as blueprint for coding of proteins

Notes: Central Dogma of Life
DNA - mRNA - proteins

3
Q

In the ribosome, the signal sequence is bound by the-

A

Signal recognition particle (SRP)

4
Q

What specific protein acts as conduits for passive exit and entry of molecules?

A

Channel

Notes:
Pumps use ATP, thus, active
Carriers facilitate transport across membrane or couple it with other molecule

5
Q

Clathrin-coated pits are used to:

A

Transport vesicle molecules to specific organelles.

Notes: Clathrin is used in endocytosis and exocytosis while Coatamers are used to transport between ER and Golgi (COP-1 and COP-II)

6
Q

One purpose of the lipid bilayer is:

A

To prevent water-soluble substances to cross the membrane.

7
Q

Proteins responsible for organ transplant rejection

A

Cell-recognition proteins

8
Q

Which of the following proteins are not embedded but are tightly attached to either cytoplasmic or extracellular surface of the plasma membrane?

A

Answer: Peripheral Membrane Proteins

Note: Peripheral proteins can be removed by high or low concentration of salts while Integral Membrane Proteins are removed by detergents

9
Q

The physical properties of the bilipid layer are dependent on its chemical makeup. The nature of the head groups of the lipid molecules would determine:

A

the density of the membrane

10
Q

Membrane proteins have several functions. Which of the following statements are true?

A

Integrins are adhesion molecules that attach the cells to the extracellular matrix.

11
Q

Phospholipids with long saturated fatty acids have ____ transition temperatures.

A

HIGH

12
Q

Which of the following best describes the function of rough ER in eukaryotic cells?

A

Protein synthesis

13
Q

Insulin is a protein that is produced by certain pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following choices best describes the route of your insulin from its production and exit from the cell?

A

Rough ER > transport vesicles > Golgi > transport vesicles > cell membrane

14
Q

Which of the following signals directs the protein to the lysosomes?

A

Attachment of a terminal mannose-6-phosphate

15
Q

Protein glycosylation occurs where?

A

Lumen of RER

Notes: Also in formation of disulfide bonds, GPI-linkages, and hydroxylation

16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of TIGHT JUNCTIONS?

A

Allow free-flow of cytoplasm between neighboring cells (It should NOT allow free-flow)

17
Q

Unlike other intercellular junctions, it only attaches the cell to its neighbors at potential stress points.

A

Desmosomes

18
Q

A transmembrane protein creates tiny pores through which small molecules and ions pass through between adjoining cells.

A

Gap junctions

19
Q

It allows proteins to be synthesized and secreted continuously.

A

Constitutive Pathway

(as compared to Regulated pathway which is controlled by hormonal or neural signals)

20
Q

Essential components of cillial mobility, flagella, centrioles, and spindle fibers

A

Microtubules

21
Q

Assume you have generated a recombinant cDNA encoding a chimeric protein that contains a signal sequence attached to the amino terminus of the nuclear protein. Where would you predict that this protein would be localized?

A

It will enter the ER and eventually will be secreted from the cell

22
Q

The location of the various synthetic pathway where lysosomal enzymes are segregated?

A

Trans-golgi network

23
Q

Which of the following is not a property of your SRP?

A

It contains a single peptidase activity

Notes: SRP is just a recognition particle. Its different from the Signal Peptidase protein

24
Q

Function of integral membrane proteins?

A

Adhesion
Receptor
Enzymes
Intracellular signaling.

25
Q

Loss in these substances is a hallmark in metastatic tumor cells

A

Adhesion Molecules

Note: if cells do not adhere, they can travel through blood, thus, metastasise.

26
Q

N-linked oligosaccharides are added in the:

A

ER

Notes: ER for N-linked glycosylation Golgi for O-linked glycosylation

27
Q

As they emerge from the ribosomes, signal sequences are recognized and bound by

A

Signal Recognition Protein (SRP)

28
Q

The cell membrane is primarily made up of

A

phospholipids

29
Q

What happens to Membrane Fluidity when there’s:

  1. Insertion of cholesterol in between phospholipids.
  2. Low temperature.
  3. Presence of high temperature and cholesterol. Decrease
  4. Presence of saturated fatty acids.
A
  1. Cholesterol inserted between phospholipids > increases fluidity
  2. Low temperature > phospolipids stay in place > decrease fluidity
  3. High temperature with cholesterol > decrease fluidity (idk, mo ni sa RC pero murag wala ga make-sense)
  4. High saturated fatty acid > phospholipids are more compact > decrease fluidity
30
Q

Destruction of the chemical bonds that link proteins to membranes may occur. Which of the following tend to be disrupted with treatment of high salt concentrations?

A

Ionic bonds (because salts are ions themselves)

31
Q

Which of the following peripheral membrane protein that ANCHORS fibrils directly to integral membrane proteins.

A

Ankyrin

32
Q

T/F: All communication functions are done through cell membrane proteins.

A

False.

Note: For example, steroid hormones can freely diffuse the cell membrane, so they don’t need membrane proteins

33
Q

T/F: The phospholipid bilayer is the fluid structure where phospholipid molecules can freely diffuse within the entire leaflet which it resides.

A

True

Note: What a phospholipid molecule cannot freely do is to “flip-flop” from one leaflet to the other.

34
Q

A transmembrane protein create tiny pores through which small molecules and ions pass through between adjoining cells.

A

Gap junctions

35
Q
Which of the following events would happen to a protein in a secretory pathway? 
A. It’s signal sequence is cleaved
B. Acquire carbohydrate residues
C. Acquire intra-chained disulfide
bond
A

all of the above

36
Q

Location where mRNA and ribosome associate

A

Cytoplasm

37
Q

For proteins being synthesized on ribosomes attached to rough ER, all of the following takes place in the lumen, except:

A

Sulfation (Sulfation occurs in the Golgi)

38
Q

The cell membrane is impermeable to which of the following:

A

proteins and nucleic acids (both should be kept inside cell)