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Flashcards in Chapter 2 Deck (20)
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1
Q

Science

A

a systematic way to understand the material world and how it works

2
Q

Fundamentalism

A

has a religious connotation that indicated unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs

3
Q

Endemic

A

a characteristic or feature that is natural to a given population or environment

4
Q

Systematics

A

study of biological relationships over time

5
Q

Demography

A

the study of population with regard to birth, survival, and death

6
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

theory that processes from the geological past are still at work today

7
Q

Catastrophism

A

doctrine asserting that cataclysmic events are responsible for geologic changes throughout history

8
Q

Lamarckism

A

evolutionary theory that suggests organisms can pass on characteristics acquired during its lifetime

9
Q

Evolution

A

change in the frequency of a gene or trait over time

10
Q

Adaptation

A

trait in a specific environment that provides a survival and reproductive advantage

11
Q

Adaptive Radiation

A

diversification of ancestral species into new forms because they have adapted to a niche

12
Q

Mutation

A

random and spontaneous changes in a gene

13
Q

Gene Flow

A

exchange of genetic information through migration and reproduction

14
Q

Genetic Drift

A

a random change in the frequency of alleles making 2 groups different (bottleneck and founder)

15
Q

Natural Selection

A

selection for or against a trait to increase the chances of survival and reproduction in an environment

16
Q

Non-random mating

A

struggle between males for a mate and by females to pick the best mate

17
Q

Runaway selection

A

reinforcing the trait endlessly

18
Q

Costly signalling

A

trait is selected for so much that it hinders survival

19
Q

How do the forces of evolution act on variation?

A

Natural selection: decreases or increases within or between groups
Gene flow: decreases between, increases within
Genetic drift: increases between, decreases within
Mutation: increases within or between

20
Q

What are the types of selection?

A

Balancing: selection for best trait
Directional: selection for one extreme
Disruptive: selection for both extremes (divides population)