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Anthropology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

In place of the artificially controlled laboratory, anthropologist rely primarily on _____.

A

Ethnography and cross-cultural comparison

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2
Q

Early anthropologist who relied on travelers and missionaries for their fieldwork data were called _____.

A

Armchair anthropologists

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3
Q

Lewis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor were influenced deeply by the evolutionary theories of ____.

A

Charles Darwin

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4
Q

Which of the following statements best describes Lewis Henry Morgan’s and Edward Tylor’s evolutionary theory?

A

It is the study of the history of human society from simple technology and social institutions to complex ones.

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5
Q

Lewis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor classified small-scale societies as ____.

A

Savage

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6
Q

Which statement is true about Franz Boaz?

A. His theories were influenced by Darwin
B. He was the 1st Proff of anthropology in Harvard
C. He was a champion of human rights
D. He did his fieldwork in the Islands

A

He was a champion of human rights.

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7
Q

Applying one’s cultural standards of value, worth, and morality to another culture is called ____.

A

Ethnocentrism

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8
Q

Boas insisted that anthropologist must value a culture on its own terms. This idea is called ______.

A

Culture relativism

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9
Q

Which of the following has been a hallmark of American anthropology?

A. Ethnocentrism
B. Ethnology
C. Participant observation
D. Multiculturalism

A

Multiculturalism

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10
Q

How is Malinowski’s approach to the study of cultures different from Boas?

A

Malinowski emphasized the notion of function in society, while Boas focus on the study of history and adaptation of culture

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11
Q

The function of an institutional Review Board (IRB) is to ____.

A

Approve, monitor, and review all university research involving human subjects

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12
Q

______ is a fieldwork technique that involves gathering cultural data by observing people’s behavior and participating in their lives.

A

Participant observation

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13
Q

Despite her/his best efforts to prepare for immersion in a new culture, anthropologists will be most likely experiencing ____.

A

Cultural Shock

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14
Q

Which of the following is an example of an etic perspective in research?

A

Studying agriculture techniques by measuring the fertility of soil in laboratory samples

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15
Q

What is the primary goal of emic research?

A

Help outsiders understand what it means to be a member of another culture

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16
Q

Anthropological interview techniques are _____.

A

Highly varied and are situation specific

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17
Q

The Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) is _____.

A

A database that provides cross-cultural data on a limited number of societies

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18
Q

The Human Relations Area Files (HRAF)____.

A

Involve multiple perspectives and indexed data

19
Q

Why did anthropology pay little attention to women prior to the 1970s?

A

The majority of practicing anthropologist were male and had little access to working with women in other societies.

20
Q

______ urged anthropologist to become more sensitive to issues of power in both society and research.

A

Postmodernism

21
Q

Which theoretical approach argues that no knowledge is objective and all knowledge is influenced by the observer’s own culture, social position, and gender?

A

Postmodernism

22
Q

Anthropologist have become more sensitive to issues of voice and of power and have begun to reflect more critically on their role as observer in another culture primarily as a result of ___.

A

Postmodernism

23
Q

An anthropologist wants to study the lifestyles of manual workers including their lifestyles and problems. With this work, the anthropologist aims to include the stories of subjects how were empowered to fight for better working conditions. This type of anthropological work is an example of a(n) _______ ethnography.

A

Collaborative and engaged

24
Q

Many anthropologist work with homeless people with the hope that their research will move attention own its cause. This style of anthropology is best described as ____.

A

Engaged

25
Q

Vincent Lyon-Callo’s work with homeless people stresses ______.

A

The structural cause of homelessness

26
Q

______ seek to better the human condition, by using the knowledge they’ve gained in studying people.

A

Engaged anthropologist

27
Q

According to the text, the heart of anthropological fieldwork is _____.

A

Participant observation

28
Q

What is the name of the organization that maintains a statement of ethical guidelines for anthropologist?

A

American Anthropological Association

29
Q

Informed consent involves which of the following?

A

Researchers explain to participants how the research data is likely to affect them.

30
Q

For the academic community, a critical problem with secret research is _____.

A

The scientific community has no way to assess its validity

31
Q

Which of the following is an ethical concern raised by anthropologists who work in military projects such as Human Terrain Systems (HTS)?

A

Inability to obtain informed consent

32
Q

Native anthropology is the study of _____.

A

One’s own society

33
Q

Motivated by _____, anthropologist started paying greater attention to women’s lives in the societies they studied.

A

Feminist anthropology

34
Q

Despite ethical concerns, ethnographic data can be useful because _____.

A

It can serve as a reservoir of knowledge for the study population itself

35
Q

True/False

The gathering and interpretation of information based on intensive, firsthand study is called ethnography

A

True

36
Q

True/False

Franz Boas advocated for anthropologist to study cultures and collect data objectively, rather than as storytellers.

A

True

37
Q

True/False

Bronislaw Malinowski spent only a few months on the Trobriand Island gathering the information he needed to develop his perspective on participant observation.

A

False

38
Q

True/False

Anthropologist rarely work with groups of more than 50 individuals.

A

True

39
Q

True/False

Most anthropological data comes in the form of extensive field notes, audio recordings, and photographs.

A

True

40
Q

True/False

Cross-cultural comparison began formally in social science with the publication of Herbert Spencer’s Descriptive Sociology.

A

True

41
Q

True/False

The HRAF is an attempt to facilitate cross cultural analysis.

A

True

42
Q

True/False

Once Franz Boas began teaching women and producing female PhDs, the bias against women in anthropology began to diminish rapidly.

A

False

43
Q

True/False

Postmodernism has influenced anthropologist today to engage in self-reflection over how their own experiences may influence the way they understand other cultures.

A

True

Anthropology (9 decks)

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