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Flashcards in Chapter 2 Deck (22)
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1
Q

neuroscience

A

the field of study that deals with the structure of the brain and components of the nervous system

2
Q

glial cells

A

provide physical and metabolic support to neurons; communicate with other cells; specific types have stem cell-like properties

3
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin in the central nervous system

4
Q

Schwann cells

A

produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system

5
Q

neurons

A

specialized cells in nervous system; send and receive messages with in the system

6
Q

Resting potential

A

the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse

7
Q

action potential

A

the release of the neural impulse consisting of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon

8
Q

axon terminals

A

rounded areas at the end of the branched at the end of the axon

9
Q

synaptic vesicles

A

sack-like structures found inside the axon terminal containing chemiclas

10
Q

synapse.synaptic gap

A

microscopic fluid-filled space between the rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals of one cell and the dendrites or surface of the next cell

11
Q

receptor sites

A

holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands, which are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters

12
Q

acetylcholine

A

involved in memory and stimulates movement

13
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls the voluntary muscles of the body; involves the sensory pathway (sensory neurons carrying information to spinal cord and/or brain) and the motor pathway (nerves that carry information to voluntary skeletal muscles)

14
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

controls automatic functions of the body (organs, glands, involuntary muscles)

15
Q

sympathetic division

A

fight or flight functions reacts to stressful event and bodily arousal

16
Q

parasympathetic division

A

eat drink and rest functions restores body to normal functioning after arousal and is responsible for day to day functioning of glands and organs

17
Q

glands

A

organs in the body that secrete chemicals; some affect functioning of the body but not behavior; others have widespread influence on the body and behavior

18
Q

endocrine glands

A

secrete chemicals called hormones into bloodstream, affect behavior and emotions by influencing the activity of the brain and by controlling muscles and organs such as the hear, pancreas, and sex organs

19
Q

4 lobes of the cortex

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

20
Q

the cortex

A

the outermost, wrinkled layer of the brain comprised of left and right hemispheres, connected by corpus callosum; each hemisphere can be further divided into four lobes

21
Q

cerebral hemisphere (left)

A

specializes in tasks that involve sequence and analysis (lang, speech, handwriting, math)

22
Q

cerebral hemisphere (right)

A

processes information in a more global sense (perception, visualization spatial perception, recognition of patterns, faces, and emotional expression)