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Flashcards in Chapter 18 Deck (33)
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1
Q

Bit

A

the smallest piece of digital data, either a “1” or a “0”.

2
Q

Skid

A

A skid occurs when the tires of a vehicle stop rotating (or rotate very slowly) while the car continues to move forward.

3
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy associated with the motion of an object and determined by the expression KE = ½ mv2

4
Q

Dynamic loads

A

Combined weight imposed upon a structure that may vary greatly over time. Also called live loads.

5
Q

Identification analysis

A

Method for identifying the relevant features of a piece of evidence with as much certainty as possible, leading to an unambiguous identification of the material.

6
Q

Inelastic collision

A

a collision were some or all of the kinetic is converted into other forms of energy, such as work or thermal energy.

7
Q

Fatigue

A

A cumulative and progressive process that results in eventual damage to building materials, often through repetition of certain types of movements or pressures.

8
Q

Forensic engineering

A

The field dealing with the legal investigation of how materials, processes, structures and objects fail in their intended function. The field also informs legal proceedings regarding accident reconstruction, tracking cyber-crime, and related functions.

9
Q

Elastic Collision

A

a collision where the amount of kinetic energy is the same before and after the collision.

10
Q

Gravitational acceleration (g)

A

a constant on Earth indicating how fast an object is accelerated by gravity.

11
Q

Factor of safety (FS)

A

The ability of a structure to hold loads beyond those anticipated from the total of static and dynamic loads.

12
Q

Force (F)

A

the impetus given to an object and defined as mass times acceleration.

13
Q

Forensic failure analysis

A

Investigations that deal with trying to determine why certain processes, materials, structures or components failed in the performance of their intended function.

14
Q

Frictional coefficient (f)

A

A numeric value that indicates the resistance an object encounters when moving over another surface.

15
Q

Operating System

A

The software that controls and runs the basic functions of the computer.

16
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory.

17
Q

ROM

A

Read Only Memory, digital memory that cannot be written over but can be read by a computer.

18
Q

Persistent data

A

data stored on a hard drive that remains after a computer is turned off.

19
Q

Margin of Safety (MoS)

A

The ratio of the actual strength of the structure to the required strength of the structure.

20
Q

Byte

A

a piece of digital information made up of eight bits. Kb is a kilobyte (1000 Bytes) and MB is a megabyte (1,000,000 bytes).

21
Q

Comparison analysis

A

A method that attempts to associate a standard reference sample of known origin to a sample of unknown origin.

22
Q

CD-ROM

A

Compact Disk Read-Only Memory.

23
Q

Work (W)

A

energy used to move a mass through a distance and defined as force times distance

24
Q

Wire-tap

A

monitoring of communications transmissions.

25
Q

Volatile data

A

data stored in memory (often RAM) that is lost when the computer powers off.

26
Q

Static loads

A

Refers to the combined weight imposed upon a structure from relatively unchanging, or only very slowly changing, features of a structure. Sometime called a dead load.

27
Q

Conservation of energy

A

The principle that states that energy may be converted between its different forms but the total energy of an isolated system must remain constant.

28
Q

Cyclic loads

A

Forces on a structure that are occur over and over and can lead to fatigue and damage to building materials, sometimes considered a specific example of a dynamic load. Cyclic loads may occur from vibrations or heating/cooling cycles, for example.

29
Q

Design load

A

The expected actual load planned for a building.

30
Q

Crush energy

A

The amount of energy required to cause an observed indentation in a material. Usually given by E = Kx (where K is the measured crush coefficient for the car, x is the crush depth measured from the crashed car).

31
Q

Crush depth

A

The distance that a given part of a car is indented from a collision.

32
Q

Conservation of momentum

A

The principle that states that the total momentum of an isolated system must remain constant.

33
Q

Cybersecurity

A

The field that deals with providing integrity and trust to both stored data and information passing through computer-mediated channels.