Chapter 18, 19, and 20

Question 1

Reticular Activating System

Answer 1

Nerve cells within the brainstem that control consciousness

Question 2

Altered Mental Status

Answer 2

Variation from normal function of the mind

Question 3

Coma

Answer 3

An unconscious state in which a person does not respond to any stimulus, including pain

Question 4

Neurological Deficit

Answer 4

Any deficiency in the nervous system’s functioning

Question 5

Non-traumatic Brain Injury

Answer 5

A medical injury to the brain, such as a stroke, that is not caused by external trauma

Question 6

Stroke

Answer 6

A sudden disruption in blood flow to the brain that results in brain cell damage

Question 7

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 7

A stroke caused by a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain

Question 8

Transient Ischemic Attack (ITA)

Answer 8

Brief, intermittent episode with stroke-like symptoms that disappear within 24 hours. TIA’s are caused by an oxygen deficit in the brain tissue (Ischemia) and are often a precursor to a stroke

Question 9

Seizure

Answer 9

A sudden and temporary alteration in the mental status caused by massive electrical discharge in a group of nerve cells in the brain

Question 10

Convulsion

Answer 10

Generalized jerky muscle movements

Question 11

Epilepsy

Answer 11

A medical disorder characterized by recurrent seizures

Question 12

Status Epilepticus

Answer 12

A seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or consecutive seizures with no period of responsiveness between them

Question 13

Generalized tonic-clonic Seizure

Answer 13

A common type of seizure that produces unresponsiveness and generalized jerky muscle activity. AKA grand mal seizure

Question 14

Aura

Answer 14

An unusual sensory sensation that may precede a seizure episode by hours or only a few seconds

Question 15

Postictal State

Answer 15

The recovery period that follows the clonic phase of a generalized seizure In a postical state that patient commonly appears weak, exhausted, and disoriented and progressively improves

Question 16

Syncope

Answer 16

A brief period of unresponsiveness caused by a lack of blood flow to the brain; fainting

Question 17

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Answer 17

A disease of altered relationships between glucose and insulin

Question 18

Glucose

Answer 18

A form of sugar that is the body’s basic source of energy

Question 19

Insulin

Answer 19

A hormone that promotes the movement of glucose from the blood to the cells

Question 20

Glucagon

Answer 20

A hormone that stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen and other substances into glucose

Question 21

Hypoglycemia

Answer 21

Low blood glucose. A blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL with signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia or less than 50 mg/dL with or without signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia

Question 22

Hyperglycemia

Answer 22

High blood glucose. A blood glucose level of greater than 120 mg/dL

Question 23

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 23

Condition in which the pancreas typically does not secrete insulin; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Question 24

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 24

Diabetes that can be regulated by diet, exercise, and drugs other than insulin; non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Question 25

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer 25

Hyperglycemia with low-to-absent insulin level, resulting in dehydration and buildup of acid

Question 26

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrom (HHNS)

Answer 26

Hyperglycemia with some insulin, causing dehydration but no acid buildup

Question 27

Oral Glucose

Answer 27

A form of sugar often given as a gel, by mouth, the raise blood glucose levels