Chapter 17.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Absolutism

A

the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

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2
Q

Balance of Power

A

Distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong.

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3
Q

Divine Right

A

Belief that ruler’s authority comes directly from God.

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4
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

An edict of 1598 sign by Henry IV of France granting toleration to Protestants and ending the French wars of Religion. It was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685.

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5
Q

Enlightened Despot

A

Absolute ruler who uses his or her power to bring about political and social change.

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6
Q

Huguenot

A

A French Protestant of the 16-17th centuries. Largely Calvinist, the Huguenot suffered severe persecution at the hands of the Catholic Majority many thousands emigrated from France.

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7
Q

Inflation

A

Economic cycle that rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money.

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8
Q

Laissez-Faire

A

Policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference.

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9
Q

Limited Monarchy

A

Government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s power.

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10
Q

Natural Law

A

rule or law that governs human nature.

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11
Q

Natural Rights

A

Right that belongs to all humans from birth.

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12
Q

Partition of Poland

A

The partitions were conducted by the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Habsburg Austria, which divided up the Commonwealth lands among themselves progressively in the process of territorial seizures. The First Partition of Poland was decided on August 5, 1772.

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13
Q

PeaceofWestphalia

A

Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648

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14
Q

Philosophe

A

System of ideas

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15
Q

Salon

A

Informal social gathering at which writers, artists, and philosophers exchanged ideas; originated in France in the 1600s

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16
Q

Social Contract

A

Agreement by which people give up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos.

17
Q

SpanishArmada

A

A large fleet of warships

18
Q

ThirtyYears’War

A

The Thirty Years’ War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, resulting in millions of casualties.