Chapter 17-Renaissance and Reformation Era Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 17-Renaissance and Reformation Era Deck (26)
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1
Q

Humanism

A

intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements. Studies classical texts to understand Ancient Greek values. Influenced artists and architects to carry on classical tradition. Popularized study of subjects like history, literature, and philosophy, which were common to classical education.

2
Q

secular

A

worldly instead of spiritual and concerned with the here and now. They believed in God, but still lived their lives (enjoyed life without offending God).

3
Q

patrons

A

People such as church leaders, merchants, and wealthy families who spent large amounts of money for the funding of art and to financially support artists in order to beautify cities.

4
Q

Renaissance Man

A

Man who excelled in many different fields. Also known as “universal man” or “the jack of all trades.”

5
Q

Renaissance Woman

A

Expected to know the classics and be charming too, however not seek fame. Should inspire art but rarely create it. Better educated than medieval woman, however most Renaissance woman had little influence in politics.

6
Q

Perspective

A

Technique used by Renaissance artists that was copied from classical models. Realistic way of painting which shows three dimensions on a flat surface. As parallel lines stretch away from a viewer, they seem to draw together, until they meet at a spot on the horizon line called the vanishing point. The use of perspective continued in western art for the next 459 years.

7
Q

vernacular

A

native language

8
Q

utopia

A

In Greek it means “no place”. However, in English it refers to the imaginary land, depicted in Thomas More’s book “Utopia.” In this land, there is no corruption, war, or greed. Also, due to lack of greed, there is little need for money.

9
Q

The Elizabethan Age

A

In the mid-1500s, the Renaissance spread to England. The period was known as the Elizabethan Age after the reign of Queen Elizabeth 1st from 1558-1603. She was well educated and spoke French, Italian, Latin, and Greek. Wrote poetry and music. Did much to support the development of English art and literature as queen.

10
Q

indulgence

A

A pardon. It released a sinner from performing the penalty that a priest imposed for sins. We’re not supposed to affect God’s right to judge. Unfortunately, people didn’t understand this and believed that buying indulgences, is the equivalent to buying their way into heaven.

11
Q

reformation

A

A movement for religious reform. It led to the founding of Christian churches that didn’t accept the popes authority.

12
Q

Martin Luther

A

His parents wanted him to be a lawyer, but he became a monk and a teacher instead. Taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg in the German state of Saxony. He wanted to be a good Christian, but ended up leading a religious revolution. He opposed Tetzel’s tactics and wrote 95 theses [or formal statements] attacking the “pardon-merchants” he posted these on the door of the castle church and invited other scholars to debate him. Someone copied his words and printed them. He became known all over Germany, and he began the Reformation. Eventually created a separate religious group called the Lutherans.

13
Q

Pope Leo X

A

Issued a decree threatening Luther with excommunication unless he took back his statements.Luther refused and instead, his students at Wittenberg gathered at a bonfire and cheered as he threw the poles decree into a fire. Leo then excommunicated Luther.

14
Q

Protestant

A

Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches.

15
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A

a religious settlement in which Charles V, in 1555 ordered all German princes, both Protestant and Catholic, to meet in the city of Augsburg. There the group agreed that each ruler would decide the religion of his state.

16
Q

Henry VIII

A

Became king of England in 1509, as a devout Catholic. In 1521, he wrote an attack on Luther’s ideas. In recognition of Henry’s support, the pope named him “Defender of the Faith.” Political needs soon tested his religious loyalty. He needed a male heir. He worried that a war would start if he died without a son as his heir. He and his wife had a daughter, however, no woman had ever successfully claimed the English throne. When he thought his wife couldn’t give him a son, he wanted a divorce, which the church didn’t allow, but he could get an annulment. He asked the pope, but was turned down. Henry then attempted to end the popes power in England. He secretly remarried Anne Boleyn. Parliament legalized Henry’s divorce and his act of Supremacy was passed, but he got a lot of opposition. His 2nd wife gave him a daughter too and she was beheaded. He then married Jane Seymour, who did give him a son, but Jane died 2 weeks later. He married 3 more times and got no more children. After his death, all three of his children ruled in turn.

17
Q

Catherine of Aragon

A

Henry VIII’s 1st wife. They had a daughter named Mary together, however, when Catherine couldn’t give him a son, he divorced her.

18
Q

Anne Boleyn

A

She and Henry VIII were secretly married in 1533 while he was in the process of divorce his wife, Catherine. Anne got pregnant and gave birth to Elizabeth, a daughter. When this happened, Henry was furious. He charged her with treason, then she was imprisoned in the Tower of London. She was found guilty and beheaded in 1536.

19
Q

Elizabeth I

A

She was determined to determine her kingdom to Protestism. In 1559, Parliament followed her wishes and set up the Church of England, or Anglican church, which Elizabeth as its leader. This was the only legal church in England. Decided to establish a state church where moderate Catholics and Protestants might both accept. Priests in the church were allowed to marry, sermons were delivered in English, etc. By taking this moderate approach, a level of religious peace was brought to England. Still, religion and money remained a problem.

20
Q

Anglican

A

Church of Englanled by Elizabeth I

21
Q

predestination

A

Belief that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved.

22
Q

Calvinism

A

Religion based on Calvin’s teachings

23
Q

Anabaptists

A

A group who only baptized people who were old enough to decide to be Christian. They said that people who had been baptized as children should be rebaptized as adults. Also taught that church and state law should be separate, and they refused to fight in wars. They shared their possessions.

24
Q

Jesuits

A

members of the Society of Jesus, a religious order created by the pope for his followers. focused on 3 activities- foundation of suburb schools throughout Europe, then to convert non-Christians to Catholism. Then to stop the spread of Protestantism.

25
Q

Council of Trent

A

From 1545-1563, catholic bishops and cardinals met and agreed on several doctrines.

26
Q

Renaissance

A

Movement from about 1300-1600 that started in Italy and caused an explosion in the creativity of art, weighting and philosophy. It means “rebirth,” referring to the revival of classical art and learning. The Italians hoped to revive the culture from classical Greece and Rome, while creating someone thing new in the process. These contributions led to innovative styles of art and literature. As well as new values, such as individualism or romanticism.