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Flashcards in Chapter 17 Deck (9)
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1
Q

Respiratory conditions with appropriate conditions

A

Adequate breathing:
Condition: Patient breathing but needs supplemental O2 due to medical or trauma condition
Signs: rate and depth adequate, air moving freely, skin normal.
EMT intervention: O2 by nonbreather mask or nasal cannula

Inadequate breathing:
Condition: Patient moving air but slow or shallow and not enough to live.
Signs: some breathing: - not enough to live
-rate and depth outside of normal limits
-shallow ventilations
-dimished or absent breath sounds
-noises such as crowing, stridor, snoring, gurgling or gasping
-cyanosis
-decreased minute volume

EMT intervention: assist vent with face mask, BVM or FROPVD
Note: Nonbreather mask requires adequate breathing to pull O2 int he lungs. It does not provide vent to patient who is not breathing or with inadequate breathing.

NOT BREATHING: no signs of breathing

EMT intervention: assit vent with pocket mask, BVM or FROPVD at 10-12/min for adult and 20/min for infant +child
Note: don’t use o2 powered vent on child and infant.

2
Q

pulse oxymeter

A

Will allow you to obtain a precise numerical reading.

Never delay administration of O2 to obtain a reading.

If oximeter between 96 and 100 is normal. O2 should be administered to all patients with respiratory distress regardless of their O2 saturation readings. Even if 100% should receive O2 if any signs of respiratory distress.

3
Q

Lungs sounds regarding Ausculation

A

Wheezes: high pitches sound musical in nature. common in asthma, such as COPD like emphysema and chronic bronchitis. most common during expiration

Crackles (also known as Rales): cracking or bubbling heard during inspiration. caused by fluid in the alveoli

Rhonchi: low pitch sound resembling snoring or rattling. caused by secretion in large airways that may be seen in pneumonia or bronchitis.

Stridor: high pitch, heard on inspiration. it is an upper airway sound meaning partial obstruction.

4
Q

CPAP

A

blows positive pressure continuously at low pressure in airway and prevents the alveoli form collapsing. Can also push fluid out of the alveoli back into the capillaries.
Common use for pulmonary edema and drowning. Need to have awake and alert patient to administer.

contraindication fat into 2 categories:
1-anatomic physiologic includes mental status so depressed patient cannot protect airway or follow instruction; lack of normal spontaneous respiratory rate, inability to sit; hypotension (<90mm Hg); inability to maintain mask seal.
2-nausea and vomiting; penetrating chest trauma (pneumothorax is possible); shock; upper GI bleed; recent gastro surgery.

When Lungs are subject to continuous positive pressure, there is a risk that rupture may happen in weak area leading to lung collapse (pneumothorax)

5
Q

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

A

emphysema, chronic bronchitis, black lungs, other respiratory illnesses.

6
Q

Asthma

A

chronic disease. Does not cause hypoxic drive. Small bronchioles that lead to to the air sacs of the lungs become narrowed cuz of contraction of the muscle that make up the airway. Airflow restricted in one direction (exhalation) causing stale air to become trap. Patient has to exhale air forcefully.

7
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

patient with CHF may experience diff. breathing cuz of fluid accumulating in the lungs. usually visible int he lower parts of the body ( lower legs)

Treatment: high concentration of O2 by mask unless breathing Is inadequate and u need to ventilate.

8
Q

Pneumonia

A

infection of one or both lungs caused by bacteria, virus or fungus. results from inhalation of certain microbes that grow in the lungs and cause inflammation.

Common signs: coughing (green, yellow or bloody mucus), fever, chest pain, severe chills

9
Q

Spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Lung collapse without injury or obvious cause. Result of rupture of a bleb.
Collapsed lung typically has a sharp , pleuritic chest pain and shortness of pain which may be mild if the pneumothorax is small. If area is larger, the patient will often be tired easily, be tachycardia, breathe fast, have a low O2 sat and exhibit cyanosis.