Chapter 17 Flashcards
Role of financial manager? M&M point?
Role: find combination of securities that maximises firm’s value
MMP1: When firm pays no taxes and capital market function well, makes no difference if firm borrows or if individual SHs do tf MV not dependent on a firm’s capital structure
If a firm is unlevered?
E=V (D=0)
If a firm issues only one type of security rather than 2, they decrease investors choice; when doesn’t this then reduce firm value?
a) if investors don’t need/want choice
b) if alternative securities are available
See notes
From ‘assumption’ down to end of example, check i know how to do it aswell
What is the law of one price?
In efficient markets, 2 investments with equal payoffs must have the same price (see next example in book?)
M&MsP1? What law does this lead to?
The MV of any firm is independent of its capital structure
Leads to the Law of Conversion of Value:
The value of an asset is preserved regardless of the nature of claims against it
Alternative way of stating M&MsP1?
Firm value is determined by the LHS of the balance sheet, by real assets, not by the proportion of debt and equity securities issued to buy assets (also applies to mix of debt securities issued (eg. secured vs unsecured))
See page 441
An example to illustrate MMP1 and reasoning (v important)
Read:
Main points bit at bottom of CH17 page 1 side 1 also v important i understand and can explain it!
Summary of the ‘main points’ bit? (2)
Firm value is independent of debt ratio because, although leverage can increase the expected stream of EPS it can’t increase the share price. This is because the change in expected earnings stream is EXACTLY OFFSET by the rate at which earnings are discounted
See and understand
Example showing a firm’s borrowing decision doesn’t affect the firm’s expected return on assets
The expected return on a portfolio is equal to…
the weighted average of the expected return on all its holdings
the company cost of capital/the weighted average cost of capital (WACC)
What is MMs proposition 2?
The expected rate of return on the common stock of a levered firm depends on:
- The proportion of the debt-equity ratio
- The spread between r(a) and r(d) (expected rates of return)
See
Macbeth example page 2 of notes and in books now
How do debt levels affect the amount investors demand as compensation? Why then, using MM1 and MM2, are SHs indifferent to increased leverage when it increases expected return?
When firm is unlevered investors demand r(a), when it borrows the investors demand a premium of (r(a)-r(d)).D/E to compensate for the extra risk
BUT any increase in expected return is exactly offset by an increase in financial risk and tf in SHs required rate of return (page 444 example 17.1 and in notes)
