Chapter 16, 17, 15 (508-528) Flashcards

1
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Decreased oxygen levels in the blood

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2
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath or perceived difficulty in breathing

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3
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breath; respiratory arrest

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4
Q

Hypoxia

A

The absence of sufficient oxygen in the body’s cells

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5
Q

Bronchoconstriction

A

Constriction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles

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6
Q

Bronchodilator

A

A drug the relaxes the smooth muscle of the bronchi and the bronchioles and reverses bronchoconstriction

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7
Q

Hypercarbia

A

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood

aka hypercapnia

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8
Q

Respiratory Distress

A

Increased respiratory effort resulting from impaired respiratory function

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9
Q

Respiratory Failure

A

Inadequate respiratory rate and/or tidal volume

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10
Q

Respiratory Arrest

A

Complete stoppage of breathing

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11
Q

Metered-dose inhaler

A

Device consisting of a plastic container and canister of medication that is used to form an aerosolized medication that a patient can inhale

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12
Q

Small-volume nebulizer

A

A device that uses compressed air or oxygen to nebulize a liquid medication into a mist that a patient can inhale

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13
Q

Spacer

A

A chamber that is connected to the metered-dose inhaler to collect the medication until it is inhaled

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14
Q

Tripod Position

A

A position in which the patient sits upright, leans slightly forward, and supports the body with arms in front and elbows locked. This is a position commonly found in respiratory distress.

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15
Q

Pulsus Paradoxus

A

A drop in blood pressure of more than 10 mmHg during inhalation resulting from increased pressure within the chest that suppresses the filling of the ventricles of the heart with blood

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16
Q

Automaticity

A

The ability of cells within the cardiac conductive system to generate a cardiac impulse on their own

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17
Q

Heart

A

The muscular organ that contracts to force blood into the circulatory system

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18
Q

Circulatory System

A

System composed of the heart and blood vessals

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19
Q

Cardiac Conduction System

A

Contractile and conductive tissue of the heart that generates electrical impulses and causes the heart to beat

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20
Q

Atria

A

The two upper chambers of the heart

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21
Q

Ventricles

A

The two lower chambers of the heart

22
Q

Venae Cavae

A

The two major veins that carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart

23
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Vessel carrying oxygen-depleted blood from the heart’s right ventricle to the lungs

24
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

Vessel carrying oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

25
Q

Aorta

A

The major artery from the heart

26
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

27
Q

Arteriole

A

The smallest branch of an artery

28
Q

Capillary

A

A tiny blood vessel connecting arterioles to venules

29
Q

Vein

A

Vessel that carries blood toward the heart

30
Q

Venule

A

Smallest vein

31
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Arteries supplying the heart with blood

32
Q

Blood Pressure

A

The force exerted by the blood on the interior walls of the blood vessels

33
Q

Perfusion

A

Delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to the cells resulting from the constant adequate circulation of blood through the capillaries

34
Q

Cardiac Compramise

A

Reduced heart function caused by any condition, disease, or injury affecting the heart

35
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

A

Signs and symptoms resulting from conditions in which the coronary arteries are narrowed or occluded

36
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Medication that dilates the blood vessels, increasing blood flow and decreasing the workload of the heart

37
Q

Resusciatation

A

Bringing the patient back from a potential or apparent death

38
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

The cessation of cardiac function with the patient displaying no pulse, no breathing, and unresponsiveness

39
Q

Sudden Death

A

Death of a patient within one hour of the onset of signs and symptoms

40
Q

Downtime

A

The time from cardiac arrest until effective CPR

41
Q

Total Downtime

A

The time from cardiac arrest until delivery to the emergency department

42
Q

Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)

A

Spontaneous pulse return during resuscitation

43
Q

Survival

A

Term applied to a patient who survives cardiac arrest to be discharged from the hospital

44
Q

Chain of Survival

A

Series of interventions-early access, CPR, defibrillation, and ACLS- that provides the best chance for successful cardiac resuscitation

45
Q

Defibrillation

A

Electrical shock delivered to help the heart restore a normal rythem

46
Q

Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

A

A device that can analyze the electrical activity or rhythm of a patients heart and deliver an electrical shock (defibrillation) if appropriate

47
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib)

A

A continuos, uncoordinated, chaotic rhythm that does not produce pulses

48
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)

A

A rapid heart rhythm that may or may not produce a pulse; ussualy too fast to adequately perfuse body organs

49
Q

Asystole

A

A heart rhythm indicating absence of any electrical activity in the heart

50
Q

Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)

A

A condition in which the heart generates relatively normal electrical rhythms but fails to perfuse the body adequately because of a decreased or absent cardiac output from cardiac muscle failure of blood loss