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Flashcards in Chapter 15 Deck (23)
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1
Q

Authority

A

justifiable right to exercise power

2
Q

Charismatic Authority

A

based on the personal appeal of an individual leader

3
Q

Traditional Authority

A

based on the appeals to the past or a long established way of doing things

4
Q

Legal-Rational Authority

A

based on legal, impersonal rules that have been routinized and rationalized

5
Q

Bureaucracy

A

legal-rational organization or mode of administration that governs by rules and roles and emphasizes meritocracy

6
Q

The Milgram Experiment

A

tested people to see how far they would go in obeying an authority figure. Results = obedience’s to authority is a very powerful form of social control that can make “ordinary” people do unspeakable things

7
Q

Power

A

ability to carry out one’s will despite resistance

8
Q

Dominance

A

probability that a command with specific content will be obeyed by a given group of people

9
Q

Domination by Economic Power vs. Domination by Authority

A

Domination by Economic Power = monopolies

Domination by Authority = willing obedience of the ruled to the commands of legitimate authority

10
Q

The State

A

ex: Nazi Germany

ULTIMATE example of domination by authority

11
Q

Coersion

A

use of force, as opposed to authority, to get others to do what you want

12
Q

International State System

A

produced European states through colonization and subsequent decisions

13
Q

Welfare State

A

system in which the state is responsible for the welfare of its citizens

14
Q

Sociologist T. H. Marshall identified three types of citizen rights

A

Civil Rights: personal freedom from interference
Political Rights: Right to vote/hold office
Social Rights: Protection by the state

15
Q

Three Dimensions of Power

A

1st: outright conflict resulting in one side “winning”
2nd: power that is so imposed that it seems pointless to resist
3rd: averting conflict all together by limiting peoples choice

16
Q

Impossibility Theorem

A

shows how difficult it is for people to express their true, first-choice desires when selecting between more than two alternatives

17
Q

Hard Power

A

use of military or economic force to influence behavior

18
Q

Soft Power

A

use of cultural or ideological means to influence behavior

19
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

believed that the state of nature is chaos and that people submit to authority (the state) as a means of survival

20
Q

John Locke

A

argued that people live in peace and equality in the state of nature but that they ultimately submit to authority (the state) for financial reasons (property)

21
Q

Theory of Collective Action

A

states that it is harder to organize larger groups that smaller ones because less accountability exists in larger groups and individuals in larger groups may find it easier to slack off and not do their part

22
Q

Political Participation

A

any activity that has the intent or effect of influencing government action

23
Q

Civil Volunteerism Model

A

focuses of individual- level traits that affect how politically active a person is