Chapter 14 Renal Pathology power point Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 14 Renal Pathology power point Deck (23)
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1
Q

Angiomylolipoma- (hamartoma)

Cysts

A

Pathology – Benign

2
Q

a mass composed of fat, blood vessels and smooth muscle tissue
Highly echogenic , homogenous.

A

Angiomylolipoma- (hamartoma)

3
Q

simple,parapelvic,hemorrhagic,multicystic dysplastic,polycystic kidney disease, (autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant)

A

Cysts

4
Q

Most common renal mass
Spherical, smooth wall, anechoic, posterior acoustic enhancement
Normally asymptomatic, unless they become large and compress adjacent renal tissue
Clinically insignificant
50% of the population > age 50 have these

A

Simple renal cyst

5
Q

cyst projects outward away from the kidney

A

Exophytic

6
Q

cyst lies within the renal cortex

A

Cortical

7
Q

cyst that originates in the renal parenchyma and protrude into the renal sinus

A

Parapelvic

8
Q

cyst that originate in the renal sinus

A

Peripelvic

9
Q

A cyst that does not meet the diagnostic criteria of a simple cyst
Septations, internal debris, mural nodules, papillary projections, irregular borders are worrisome for malignancy and will be followed up with other imaging modalities or surgery
Renal cell carcinoma can manifest as a multicystic mass

A

Complex renal cysts

10
Q

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) also known as Adult Polycystic Disease (APKD)
Normally lies dormant for many years and manifests itself in the third to fourth decade (30-40 years of age)
Patient may also develop multiple cysts of varying sizes in other organs including pancreas, liver and spleen
40% associated with polycystic liver disease

A

Polycystic kidney disease

11
Q
Can be asymptomatic until third to fourth decade of life
Decreased renal function
UTI
Renal calculi
Flank pain
Hematuria 
Palpable abdominal mass
A

clinical findings of APKD

12
Q

Autosomal recessive (ARPKD)- relatively rare genetic disorder divided into four types depending on onset.

  1. Perinatal-found in-utero, common leading factor for demise. Oligohydramnios and enlarged echogenic kidneys
  2. Neonatal
  3. Infantile
  4. Juvenille
A

Polycystic kidney disease

13
Q

Often recognized in the fetus
Confirmed with a postnatal ultrasound
Perinatal death often occurs
Secondary complications of renal failure and hepatic disease often causes early death
Bilateral disease, loss of corticomedullary differentiation

A

arpkd

14
Q

Renal failure

Hepatic disease

A

Clinical findings of ARPKD

15
Q

a mass composed of fat, blood vessels and smooth muscle tissue
Highly echogenic , homogenous
Usually discovered incidentally
Unilateral
Patients with tuberous sclerosis have a tendancy to develop these, usually bilateral
Not painful unless there is hemorrhage within the mass

A

Angiomylolipoma- (hamartoma)

16
Q

Rare, benign
Caused by an accumulation of calcium in the renal parenchyma
Two forms, Medullary and Cortical
Medullary is congenital
Kidneys are small to normal in size with increased echogenicity in the renal pyramids that may shadow

A

Nephrocalcinosis/Medullary Sponge Kidney

17
Q

Hypercalcemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Urinary tract infection
History of urinary calculi

A

Cortical nephrocalcinosis may be caused by

18
Q
Benign
Often found in men in their 60’s
Stellate scar may be seen within mass
Scar most easily seen on CT scan
RCC also has scar
Difficult to distinguish from RCC and surgical excision is often done
A

oncocytoma

19
Q

renal cell carcinoma/ hypernephroma/adenocarcinoma of the kidney

A

Malignant renal masses

20
Q
Smoking
Hypertension
Obesity
Tuberous sclerosis
von Hippel-Lindau disease
Aquired renal cysts from long term dialysis
A

Malignant renal masses

Risk Factors

21
Q
Anorexia
Flank pain
Gross hematuria
Hypertension
Palpable mass
Weight loss
A

Malignant renal masses

Clinical Symptoms

22
Q

Often found in the renal pelvis
May also be found in the ureter and bladder
Can cause obstruction due to location

A

Transitional cell carcinoma TCC

23
Q

from the lungs or breast most common
prostate,pancreas and melanoma less frequently
RCC can also metastasize from the contralateral kidney

need to check invasion of tumor into the renal vein and IVC
A

metastases