Chapter 14: Clinical Disturbances of Blood Coagulation 1 Flashcards
What is the result of low vitamin C (scurvey)?
Fragile blood vessels and damaged endothelial cell function.
What vitamin deficiency causes fragile blood vessels and damaged endothelial cell function?
Low vitamin C (scurvey)
Condition caused by low vitamin C
scurvey
Condition characterized by inflammation of blood vessels.
Autoimmune vasculitis
Hereditary condition causing blood vessel defects
leading to spontaneous bleeding (nose, GI, etc.)
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Condition caused by lack of sufficient vWF release by endothelial cells, causing poor clotting and bleeding.
von Willebrand’s Disease
Disease caused by tick transmitted Rickettsial infection of
endothelial cells. Results in damaged EC function and petechial rash.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Type of disease of which Ebola is an example; causes damaged endothelium and blood leaking from the capillaries.
Hemorrhagic fever viruses
What type of abnormality causes hemorrhagic fever viruses, von Willebrand’s Disease, and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
abnormalities of small blood vessels
What is the most common clotting disorder?
Thrombocytopenia (low platelets)
Condition of having too few platelets.
Thrombocytopenia
What can cause thrombocytopenia?
1) Injury or disease of bone marrow (damages megakaryocytes)
2) Bone marrow infiltration by cancer cells (crowd out magakaryocytes)
3) Antiplatelet auto-antibodies (destroy platelets in peripheral blood)
4) Other: liver disorders, drug toxicities, low folate, overactive spleen.
What negative affect can NSAIDs (e.g., aspirin) have on platelets?
Can irreversibly inactivate platelet function.
What two types of abnormalities can cause abnormal platelet function?
1) Thrombocytopenia
2) Abnormal function of normal numbers of platelets (as with NSAID platelet inactivation)
Pinpoint-sized hemorrhages of small capillaries in skin or mucous membranes. Do not blanch when pressed.
Petechiae
