Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

proton motive force

A
  • drives protons across the membrane
  • stores energy to make ATP and do other cellular work
  • The transfer of H+ through a proton pump generates an electrochemical gradient of protons
  • drives the conversion of ADP to ATP throughATP synthase.
  • This process is known as chemiosmosis
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2
Q

organotrophy

A
  • chemoorganotrophy
  • organic electron donors
  • involves organic electron donors and inorganic or organic terminal electron acceptors
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3
Q

lithotrophy

A
  • chemolithotrophy
  • inorganic electron donors
  • involves inorganic electron donors and inorganic or organic terminal acceptors
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4
Q

phototrophy

A
  • light absorption excites electrons

- involves light capture by chlorophyll, usually coupled to splitting of H2S or H2O or organic molecules

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5
Q

Electron Transport Systems

A
  • Or electron transport chain (ETC)

- energy-yielding reactions involve transfer of electrons from a reduced electron donor to an oxidized electron acceptor

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6
Q

Energy Storage

A
  • In redox reactions, the DG values are proportional to the reduction potential (E) between the oxidized form (e– acceptor) and its reduced form (e– donor)
  • reaction is favored by positive values of E, which yield negative values of DG
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7
Q

F1Fo ATP Synthase

A

-a highly conserved protein complex, made of two parts

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8
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

organisms that grow using only O2 as a terminal electron acceptor

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9
Q

anaerobic respiration

A
  • occurs in environments where oxygen is scarce
  • unique to prokaryotes.
  • usually possess alternative electron donors and electron acceptors
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10
Q

dissimilatory metal reduction

A

-important class of anaerobic respiration involves the reduction of metal cations

-metals most commonly reduced are:
Iron (Fe3+ → Fe2+)
Manganese (Mn4+ → Mn2+)

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11
Q

Methanogenesis

A
  • reduction of CO2 and other single-carbon compounds to methane.
  • Performed only by archaea called methanogens
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12
Q

methanotrophs

A

Prokaryotes that oxidize methane with a terminal electron acceptor such as O2, nitrate, or sulfate

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