Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Introduction to Communications > Chapter 13: Theories and Effects of Mass Communication > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Theories and Effects of Mass Communication Flashcards

1
Q

What are some arguments made by oeioke who think media have limited/minimal effects?

A
  1. It’s make believe, ppl know it’s not real 2. It’s only for play/entertainment 3. the media holds a mirror to society and reflect the status quo 4. they only reinforce existing beliefs 5. Media only reflects on important issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the “early window”?

A

the idea that media give children a window on the world before they have the critical and intellectual ability to judge what they see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does it mean to willingly suspend disbelief?

A

when we willingly accept as real what is put before us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are micro level effects?

A

effects of media on individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are macro level effects?

A

media’s widescale social and cultural impact`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is critical research?

A

asking larger questions abour what kind of nation we are building, what kind of people we are becoming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is administrative research?

A

asking questions about the immediate, observable influence of mass communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the transmissional perspective?

A

seeing media as senders of information for the purpose of control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the ritual perspective?

A

seeing media as central to the “maintenance of society in time”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are mass communication theories?

A

explanations and predictions of social phenomena that attempt to relate mass communication to various aspects of our personal and cutural lives or social systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cultivation analysis?

A

the idea that people’s idea of themselves, their world and their place in it are shaped and maintained primarilythrough television

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is attitude change theory?

A

theory that explais how people’s attitudes are formed, shaped and changed and how those attitudes influence behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some important ideas to remember when understanding mass communication theory?

A
  1. there is no one mass communication theory 2. mass communication theories are often borrowed from other sciences 3. mass commxn theories are human constructions 4. mass commxn theories are dynamic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are middle range theories?

A

theories that explain or predict specific, limited aspects of the mass communication process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is mass communication theory particularly open to evolving ideas?

A
  1. advances in technology/introduction of new media 2. calls for control or regulation 3. protecting democracy andcultural pluralism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is mass society theory?

A

the idea that the media are corrupting influences that undermine the social orger and that “average” people are defenseless against their influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is hypodermic needle theory?

A

the idea that media are a dangerous drug that can directly enter a person’s system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is magic bullet theory?

A

the idea from mass society theory that media are a powerful “killing force” that directly penetrates a person’s system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is grand theory?

A

a theory designed to explain all aspects of a given phenomenon (ex. mass society theory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are limited effects theories?

A

the idea that media influence is limited by individual differences, social categories, and personal relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is two step flow theory?

A

the idea that media’s influence on people’s behavior is limited by opinion leaders who pass the information onto opinion followers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are opinion leaders?

A

people who initally consume meda content, interperet in light of their own values and beliefs and then pass it on to opinon followers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are opinion followers?

A

people who consume media that has been passed on by opinion leaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is dissonance theory?

A

the idea that when confronted by new or conflicting information people experience a kind of mental discomfort/dissonance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are selective processes?

A

processes that help us “select” what information we consume, remember, and interpret in personally important and idiosyncratic ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is selective exposure/attention?

A

the process by which people expose themselves to or attend to only those messages consistent with their preexisting attitudes and beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is selective retention?

A

the idea that people remember best and longest those messages that are consistent with their prexisting attitudes and beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is selective perception?

A

the prediction that people will interpret messages in a manner consistent with their preexisting attitudes and beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is reinforcement theory?

A

Joseph Klapper’s idea that if any media have any impact at all, it is the direction of reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the uses and gratifications approach?

A

claims that the media do not do things to people, rather people do things with media; influence of media is what people allow it to be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is agenda setting?

A

theory that argues that media doesn’t tell us what to think but rather what to think about

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is dependency theory?

A

idea that media’s power is a function of audience members’ dependency on media and their content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is social cognitive theory?

A

the idea that people learn through observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is modeling?

A

people copying the behaviors that they see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is imitation?

A

the direct replivation of an observed behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is identification?

A

a special form of imitation in which observers do not copy exactly what they have seen but make a more generalized response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is observational learning?

A

a type of learning where observers can learn new behaviors simply by seeing them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are inhibitory effects?

A

seeing a model punished for behavior reduces the likelihood that the observer will perform that behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are disinhibitory effects?

A

seeing a model rewarded for prohibited or threatening behavior increases the likelihood that the observer will perform that behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is critical cultural theory?

A

the idea that media operate primarily to justify and support the status quo at the expense of ordinary people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is neo-Marxist theory?

A

the theory that people are opporessed by those who control the culture, the superstructure, as opposed to the base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the Frankfurt School of media theory?

A

the approach that sees consumption of art as a means to elevate people toward a better life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is british cultural theory?

A

theory of elites’ domination over culture and its influence on bounded cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is news production research?

A

the study of how economic and other influences on the way news is produced distort and bias news coverage towardd those in power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is meaning making perspective?

A

the idea that audience members use media content to create meaning

46
Q

What is symbolic interaction?

A

the idea that symbols are learned through interaction and then mediate that interaction

47
Q

What is product positioning?

A

the perception of products as symbols beyond the product’s basic functrion via advertisement

48
Q

What is social construction of reality theory?

A

theory that argues that ppl who share a culture also share an “ongoing correspondence” of meaning

49
Q

What are symbols?

A

things that have “objective” meanings

50
Q

What are signs?

A

things that have “subjective” meanings

51
Q

What are typification schemes?

A

collections of meanings assigned to some phenomenon or situation

52
Q

What are some arguments made by oeioke who think media have limited/minimal effects?

A
  1. It’s make believe, ppl know it’s not real 2. It’s only for play/entertainment 3. the media holds a mirror to society and reflect the status quo 4. they only reinforce existing beliefs 5. Media only reflects on important issues
53
Q

What is the “early window”?

A

the idea that media give children a window on the world before they have the critical and intellectual ability to judge what they see

54
Q

What does it mean to willingly suspend disbelief?

A

when we willingly accept as real what is put before us

55
Q

What are micro level effects?

A

effects of media on individuals

56
Q

What are macro level effects?

A

media’s widescale social and cultural impact`

57
Q

What is critical research?

A

asking larger questions abour what kind of nation we are building, what kind of people we are becoming

58
Q

What is administrative research?

A

asking questions about the immediate, observable influence of mass communication

59
Q

What is the transmissional perspective?

A

seeing media as senders of information for the purpose of control

60
Q

What is the ritual perspective?

A

seeing media as central to the “maintenance of society in time”

61
Q

What are mass communication theories?

A

explanations and predictions of social phenomena that attempt to relate mass communication to various aspects of our personal and cutural lives or social systems

62
Q

What is cultivation analysis?

A

the idea that people’s idea of themselves, their world and their place in it are shaped and maintained primarilythrough television

63
Q

What is attitude change theory?

A

theory that explais how people’s attitudes are formed, shaped and changed and how those attitudes influence behavior

64
Q

What are some important ideas to remember when understanding mass communication theory?

A
  1. there is no one mass communication theory 2. mass communication theories are often borrowed from other sciences 3. mass commxn theories are human constructions 4. mass commxn theories are dynamic
65
Q

What are middle range theories?

A

theories that explain or predict specific, limited aspects of the mass communication process

66
Q

Why is mass communication theory particularly open to evolving ideas?

A
  1. advances in technology/introduction of new media 2. calls for control or regulation 3. protecting democracy andcultural pluralism
67
Q

What is mass society theory?

A

the idea that the media are corrupting influences that undermine the social orger and that “average” people are defenseless against their influence

68
Q

What is hypodermic needle theory?

A

the idea that media are a dangerous drug that can directly enter a person’s system

69
Q

What is magic bullet theory?

A

the idea from mass society theory that media are a powerful “killing force” that directly penetrates a person’s system

70
Q

What is grand theory?

A

a theory designed to explain all aspects of a given phenomenon (ex. mass society theory)

71
Q

What are limited effects theories?

A

the idea that media influence is limited by individual differences, social categories, and personal relationships

72
Q

What is two step flow theory?

A

the idea that media’s influence on people’s behavior is limited by opinion leaders who pass the information onto opinion followers

73
Q

What are opinion leaders?

A

people who initally consume meda content, interperet in light of their own values and beliefs and then pass it on to opinon followers

74
Q

What are opinion followers?

A

people who consume media that has been passed on by opinion leaders

75
Q

What is dissonance theory?

A

the idea that when confronted by new or conflicting information people experience a kind of mental discomfort/dissonance

76
Q

What are selective processes?

A

processes that help us “select” what information we consume, remember, and interpret in personally important and idiosyncratic ways

77
Q

What is selective exposure/attention?

A

the process by which people expose themselves to or attend to only those messages consistent with their preexisting attitudes and beliefs

78
Q

What is selective retention?

A

the idea that people remember best and longest those messages that are consistent with their prexisting attitudes and beliefs

79
Q

What is selective perception?

A

the prediction that people will interpret messages in a manner consistent with their preexisting attitudes and beliefs

80
Q

What is reinforcement theory?

A

Joseph Klapper’s idea that if any media have any impact at all, it is the direction of reinforcement

81
Q

What is the uses and gratifications approach?

A

claims that the media do not do things to people, rather people do things with media; influence of media is what people allow it to be

82
Q

What is agenda setting?

A

theory that argues that media doesn’t tell us what to think but rather what to think about

83
Q

What is dependency theory?

A

idea that media’s power is a function of audience members’ dependency on media and their content

84
Q

What is social cognitive theory?

A

the idea that people learn through observation

85
Q

What is modeling?

A

people copying the behaviors that they see

86
Q

What is imitation?

A

the direct replivation of an observed behaviour

87
Q

What is identification?

A

a special form of imitation in which observers do not copy exactly what they have seen but make a more generalized response

88
Q

What is observational learning?

A

a type of learning where observers can learn new behaviors simply by seeing them

89
Q

What are inhibitory effects?

A

seeing a model punished for behavior reduces the likelihood that the observer will perform that behavior

90
Q

What are disinhibitory effects?

A

seeing a model rewarded for prohibited or threatening behavior increases the likelihood that the observer will perform that behavior

91
Q

What is critical cultural theory?

A

the idea that media operate primarily to justify and support the status quo at the expense of ordinary people

92
Q

What is neo-Marxist theory?

A

the theory that people are opporessed by those who control the culture, the superstructure, as opposed to the base

93
Q

What is the Frankfurt School of media theory?

A

the approach that sees consumption of art as a means to elevate people toward a better life

94
Q

What is british cultural theory?

A

theory of elites’ domination over culture and its influence on bounded cultures

95
Q

What is news production research?

A

the study of how economic and other influences on the way news is produced distort and bias news coverage towardd those in power

96
Q

What is meaning making perspective?

A

the idea that audience members use media content to create meaning

97
Q

What is symbolic interaction?

A

the idea that symbols are learned through interaction and then mediate that interaction

98
Q

What is product positioning?

A

the perception of products as symbols beyond the product’s basic functrion via advertisement

99
Q

What is social construction of reality theory?

A

theory that argues that ppl who share a culture also share an “ongoing correspondence” of meaning

100
Q

What are symbols?

A

things that have “objective” meanings

101
Q

What are signs?

A

things that have “subjective” meanings

102
Q

What are typification schemes?

A

collections of meanings assigned to some phenomenon or situation

103
Q

What is mainstreaming?

A

moving individual and different people towards a shared, television-created understanding of how things are

104
Q

What is the stimulation model?

A

of media violence, viewing mediated violence can increase the likelihood of subsequent aggressive behavior

105
Q

What is the aggressive cues model?

A

the idea that media portrayal can suggest certain classes of poeple are acceptable targets for real-world aggresssion

106
Q

What is catharsis?

A

the idea that watching violence in the mdia reduces people’s innate drive

107
Q

What is vicarious reinforcement?

A

the idea that observed reinforcement operates in the came manner as actual reinforcement

108
Q

What are environmental incentives?

A

the notion that real-world incentives can lead observers to ignore the negative vicarious reinforcement they have learned to associate with certain behaviors

109
Q

What is desensetization?

A

the idea that viewers become more accepting of real-world violence because of its constant prescence in television fare

110
Q

What is stereotyping?

A

the aplication of a standardized image or concept to members of certain groups, usually based on limited information

Introduction to Communications (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions