Chapter 13 Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 13 Respiratory Emergencies Deck (50)
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1
Q

A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung.

A

pleural effusion

2
Q

Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.

A

bronchiolitis

3
Q

A substance that causes an allergic reaction.

A

allergen

4
Q

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction.

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

5
Q

This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing this syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min.

A

hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)

6
Q

Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal.

A

hyperventilation

7
Q

A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. It is highly contagious and spread through droplets.

A

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

8
Q

Potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms.

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

9
Q

Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke.

A

chronic bronchitis

10
Q

A dangerous condition in which the body tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen.

A

hypoxia

11
Q

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest wall that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura.

A

pleuritic chest pain

12
Q

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide.

A

carbon dioxide retention.

13
Q

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage.

A

embolus

14
Q

Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi.

A

bronchial breath sounds

15
Q

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.

A

pulmonary embolism

16
Q

The production of whistling sounds during expiration such as occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.

A

wheezing

17
Q

An extreme, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

A

anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)

18
Q

An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children.

A

croup

19
Q

A chronic bacterial disease, caused by Mycobacterium _________, that usually affects the lungs

A

tuberculosis (TB)

20
Q

Normal breath sounds made made by air moving in out of the alveoli.

A

vesicular breath sounds

21
Q

Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways.

A

rhonchi

22
Q

A “backup system” to control respiration; senses drop in the oxygen level in the blood.

A

hypoxic drive

23
Q

A high-pitched noise heard primarily on inspiration.

A

stridor

24
Q

A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions like asthma.

A

small-volume nebulizer

25
Q

An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes fever.

A

bronchitis

26
Q

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs.

A

atelectasis

27
Q

An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages.

A

ashtma

28
Q

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space.

A

pneumothorax

29
Q

A pathologic condition that results from the accumlation of acids in the body.

A

acidosis

30
Q

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

A

dyspnea

31
Q

A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A

emphysema

32
Q

A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure.

A

pulmonary edema

33
Q

An inflammation/infection of the lung from a bacterial, viral, or fungal cause.

A

pneumonia

34
Q

Occurs when new cases of a disease occur in a human population and substantially exceed what is “expected, “ based on recent experience.

A

epidemic

35
Q

An odorless, highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion.

A

carbon monoxide

36
Q

A virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain.

A

influenza type

37
Q

An outbreak that occurs on a global scale.

A

pandemic

38
Q

Inflammation of the lung

A

pneumonitis

39
Q

A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction.

A

epiglottitis

40
Q

A viral infection usually associated with swollen nasal mucous membranes and the production of fluid from the sinuses and nose.

A

common cold

41
Q

The process of delivering oxygen to the body by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs.

A

oxygenation

42
Q

An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis.

A

hay fever

43
Q

A crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; also called crackles.

A

rales

44
Q

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; can be highly contagious.

A

meningococcal meningitis

45
Q

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

respiration

46
Q

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs.

A

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

47
Q

A bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used antibiotics; can be found on the skin, in surgical wounds, in the bloodstream, lungs, and urinary tract.

A

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

48
Q

The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids.

A

alkalosis

49
Q

An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a “whoop” sound on insipiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection.

A

pertussis (whooping cough)

50
Q

An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.

A

diphtheria