Chapter 13- Neurological Flashcards Preview

Essentials Of Human Disease > Chapter 13- Neurological > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 13- Neurological Deck (23)
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1
Q

stroke = brain attack
lack of oxygen to area of brain

headache, dysphagia, dysphasia, hemiparesis, diplopia, loss of coordination, confusion

3 types of brain attacks
cerebral thrombosis
cerebral hemorrhage
cerebral embolus

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

2
Q

ministrokes = little strokes temporary; due to inadequate flow of blood

plaque caused by atherosclerosis

A

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

3
Q

between skull and dura mater (upon) (dura)
subdural = between dura mater & arachnoid membrane

A

Epidural Hematoma

3
Q

loss of consciousness = “knocked out”

sx – amnesia, N&V, diplopia
etio – blunt object, blow or fall
disruption of electrical activity of brain

A

cerebral concussion

4
Q

bruising of brain, more serious, permanent damage may occur 2nd to hematoma

A

cerebral contusion

5
Q

lower portion of body paralyzed

A

paraplegia

6
Q

all 4 extremities and trunk paralyzed

A

quadriplegia

7
Q

deterioration of intervertebral disk

pain radiates down legs
neurological deficits (footdrop and dragging on one leg)

A

Degenerative Disk Disease

8
Q

slipped disk = ruptured disk causes pressure on spinal nerves
accumulated trauma

A

Herniated & Bulging Disk

9
Q

degenerative disk disease of L4 – S3 with pressure on sciatic nerve
along the sciatic nerve
spinal stenosis = narrowing causes compression; appears same
trauma or congenital

A

Sciatic Nerve Injury (Spinal Stenosis)

10
Q

abnormal intense electrical activity in the brain

A

Epilepsy

11
Q

part of brain involved, localized

A

partial epilepsy

12
Q

absence (petit mal)

A

generalized epilepsy

13
Q

one seizure follows another with no recovery

A

status epilepticus

14
Q

Slowly progressive
tremors of thumb and forefinger, muscle rigidity, slowness of movement
shuffling gait, mask-like facies
decreased dopamine

A

Parkinson Disease

15
Q

hereditary, degenerative of cerebral cortex

chorea (dance); involuntary movement dementia follows

A

Huntington Chorea

16
Q

Lou Gehrig disease
motor neuron disease that causes muscular atrophy; men 50 – 60 yrs
fasciculations, all muscles affected, eventually need respirator; no dementia seen

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

17
Q

distal muscles of extremities caused by chronic alcoholism; toxicity

A

Peripheral Neuritis

18
Q

disorder of 7th cranial nerve, facial nerve; unilateral paralysis
etio – uncertain
tx – heat, exercise

A

Bell Palsy

19
Q

inflammation of meninges headache and stiff neck
+ Kernig’ and Brudzinskis
etio – bacterial or viral
dx – CSF exam

A

Meningitis

20
Q

inflammation of the brain viral or toxins, mosquito bites tx - symptoms

A

Encephalitis

21
Q

acute disease of spinal nerves

muscle weakness, paralysis starts in lower extremities and moves upward

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

22
Q

collection of pus in brain
etio – bacterial infection often from sinus infection or ear infection; or trauma
tx – antibiotics, steroids, drainage

A

Brain Abscess