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Flashcards in chapter 13 final review Deck (62)
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1
Q

What is the story of the 47 Ronin (Include Lord Asano and Lord Kira)

A

Lord Kira was assigned to teach lord Asano, about the correct way to behave, later Lord Asano, paid Lord Kira, but Kira wanted more, money so she started to insult Lord Asano behind his back to other nobles, Lord Asano became mad so he pulled out his sword and cut Kira’s arm, he knew he committed a forbidden act, so he killed himself, because of his death the 47 samurai became ronin. They launched a surprise attack on Lord Kira and killed him, in revenge for their master, and then they killed themselves.

2
Q

What time period did the story of the 47 ronin take place in?

A

took place during the Edo or Tokugawa period of Japanese history.

3
Q

What did the daimyo do to each other, and what did it take to finally end the chaos and bring order to the country?

A

They competed with each other for power, and territory. They needed a strong and clever leader.

4
Q

What was really important to the Japanese people?

A

Loyalty and Honour.

5
Q

Who was at the top of the hierarchy?

A

The emperor.

6
Q

Was the shogun more important than the emperor?

A

Yes, but the emperor is still highly respected.

7
Q

What were the 2 levels of government called?

A
  • Bukuhan.
8
Q

Why were artisans and merchants below the peasants?

A

The artisans were secondary producers, meaning they had to get things from other people to create their work, and the merchants didn’t make anything they relied on the people who make, and are going to buy the work.

9
Q

The woman had to act….. And …… to their husbands

A

.Happy and obedient(obeying)

10
Q

What were missionaries?

A

Christians trying to convert people

11
Q

What was japan’s religion?

A

Shinto(nature/gods), Buddhism, and Confucianism.

12
Q

What did the Samurais do during the time of peace?

A

Surveyed land and collected taxes.

13
Q

What was the Daimyo supposed to do during the Edo period?

A

Daimyo were supposed to manage their assigned land.

14
Q

What is the story of Tokugawa Ieyasu?

A

He defeated a rival daimyo and generals in battle, and became the most powerful man in Japan. He wanted to keep his power, and not be defeated so he came up with strict laws, sharing power, and alternate attendance.

15
Q

What 3 effective measures were taken to bring stability to Japan and what were they?

A

Sharing power-daimyo controlled the local things, and the federal government controlled foreign affairs.

Alternate attendance-the other daimyo’s had to live in Japan every 2 years.

Strict laws- established by the shogunate to control many aspects of the daimyo’s lives, such as dress and marriage.

16
Q

What 3 levels of the Japanese society did the story of the 47 ronin illustrate?

A

The emperor, nobility, and samurai

17
Q

Japan had a feudal system based on what?

A

.A feudal system based on land.

18
Q

How did local lords support themselves?

A

.By collecting taxes from the peasant farmers.

19
Q

In what way did the rigid social structure help the shogun?

A

Helped the shogun remain in control.

20
Q

How did people in lower levels manage to improve their situation?

A

Hereditary.

21
Q

How many rules regulating dress for EVERYONE were there?

A

People couldn’t move up in the ranks, but they could create a better situation through hard work, talent, or gaining wealth 216 rules

22
Q

12Women from the upper-class had to wear____kimonos

A

12

23
Q

Peasants were not allowed to wear clothing made out of what?

A

Silk

24
Q

How were the Samurai treated in the Japanese feudal society?

A

They were a much respected warrior class

25
Q

Name some facts about the Samurai?

A

They lived in castle towns controlled by the shogun or daimyo they served.

26
Q

Name some virtues the samurai stood for?

A

.Only the samurai were allowed to have swords. They carried 2 swords, a large one to slice the enemy in two, and a smaller one to cut off the head of the defeated enemy. There were many subdivisions in the samurai ranks. The lowest and least honorable were the ronin. Samurai were forbidden to be involved in trade and business. In peacetime, they were officers, surveyed land, collected taxes, and kept order.

27
Q

A Samurai warrior was expected to be brave when faced with what?

A

Either of the following: Honour, loyalty, bravery, self-discipline, and self-denial. 41.When faced with pain or death and to be prepared to die fearlessly in battle

28
Q

What other thing were the Samurai dedicated to?

A

The constant dedication to learning, ex. Many samurai studied poetry and philosophy

29
Q

The samurai were prepared to die for what 2 things?

A

heir honor and their Daimyo’s honor

30
Q

What is Seppuku and how was it committed?

A

Seppuku is ritual suicide. When commiting seppuku, the samurai would plunge a small sword into his abdomen and slice it open. Then, and aide would end the samurai’s agony by beheading him.

31
Q

Seppuku was determined as an honorable alternative to what 2 things?

A

. Humiliation and public shame

32
Q

Seppuku was considered more honourable if the samurai did what?

A

If the samurai composed a poem at the time of his death

33
Q

Were farmers considered important in Edo Japan, and if so, why?

A

Yes farmers were considered important because they were primary producers and produced food that was sufficient to the country

34
Q

What things were peasants forbidden to do?

A

Smoke tobacco, drink rice wine or leave their district without special permission

35
Q

What an artisan did in his life was determined by what?

A

An artisans son was expected to do the same or similar craft that his father did and was restricted to the same class of his father

36
Q

Where did Artisans usually live?

A

In towns or cities

37
Q

Even though Artisans were extremely skilled, why were they ranked lower than peasants?

A

They were ranked lower than peasants because they relied on materials produced by other people. Such as silk from a farmer.

38
Q

Where did merchants buy their items from?

A

They bought their items from artisans to either trade or sell

39
Q

Why did Merchants perform a similar function to that of bankers?

A

They performed a function similar to bankers because they kept rice in their storehouses, and rice was used as the currency at that time

40
Q

Where were Merchants located on the social order?

A

They were located at the bottom of the social order

41
Q

Why did Merchants act cautiously

A

They acted cautiously because there were government spies everywhere, and if the merchants showed off their wealth in any kind of way, they would be punished. Their businesses could be taken over or confisticated.

42
Q

How were women’s responsibilities determined?

A

Their responsibilities were determined by the class they were born into

43
Q

Women born into the samurai class were expected to do what?

A

Women born into the samurai class were expected to give their children a proper samurai upbringing

44
Q

What was the difference between women in rural areas, and upper-class women?

A

Women in rural-areas had more freedom than women in the upper-class

45
Q

What did women do alongside their husbands?

A

Women in rural-areas often worked alongside their husbands in the field, harvesting crops, gathering wood, or getting silk from silkworms

46
Q

What was the difference between men and women in the overall hierarchy?

A

In the overall hierarchy, women were ranked lower than men

47
Q

What was one thing that women did not have in the Edo period?

A

Women in the Edo period did not have legal existence; they could not own land or any properties

48
Q

How were women supposed to act towards their husbands?

A

Women were supposed to obey, and honor their husbands, and to be smiley and cheery around them all the time

49
Q

Who were outcasts, and what did their jobs include?

A

Outcasts were people who were shunned or ignored by the Japanese society. 62. Their jobs often included death.

50
Q

What are some examples of occupations done by outcasts?

A

Leather tanners, Butchers, etc

51
Q

What other kinds of people were considered outcasts?

A

People with leprosy and some entertainers were also outcasts.

52
Q

What were some of the rules for the outcasts?

A

They were not allowed to enter a peasants home,they were not allowed to be in a city until 8:00pm, and they were not allowed to change jobs

53
Q

Some Ainu feel that the legislation does not go far enough because_______

A

They are the rules and customs in a society that regulate people’s behaviour.

54
Q

What is the purpose of “social controls”

A

To maintain order in society

55
Q

Who was Confucius and what did he teach?

A

Confucius was a Chinese scholar whose teachings for moral living were brought 69.over to Japan by Buddhist monks.

56
Q

What did Confucianism teach?

A

It taught that everyone had a proper place in society, and if everyone accepted 71.their duties and obligations, there would be peace and order. If not there would be chaos and suffering.

57
Q

What was one of Confucianism famous sayings?

A

What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.”

58
Q

What were the 5 basic relationships, and what were their duties and obligations?

A

Ruler- Subject

Father- Children

Husband-Wife

Older brother-Younger brother

Friend- friend

59
Q

What were the responsibilities and consequences of people in the goningumi?

A

People in the goningumi were expected to care and to look out for one another. If one person disobeyed the law, then the entire group could be punished.

60
Q

What happened in 1543?

A

In 1543, a Portuguese ship landed on the coast of a Japanese island. They told the Japanese that they had come to trade. The Japanese at first were welcoming.

61
Q

What kind of religious differences and similarities did the Japanese and the Christian clergy have?

A

Similarities: They both believed in ethical codes (rules about right and wrong behaviour) and they both believed that murder and stealing was wrong. Differences: The Japanese religion believed in multiple gods, while Christianity only believes in one.

62
Q

Who was Francis Xavier?

A

Francis Xavier was a Christian Jesuit, who arrived in Japan in 1549 to start missions to convert the upper class, the Daimyo and the Samurai to Christianity.