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Flashcards in Chapter 13 Deck (33)
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1
Q

• Personality

A

the unique and relatively stable

ways in which people think, feel, and behave

2
Q

Preconscious mind

A

: level of the mind in which

information is available but not currently conscious.

3
Q

Conscious mind

A

: level of the mind that is aware of

immediate surroundings and perceptions.

4
Q

Unconscious mind:

A

level of the mind in which
thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information
that are not easily or voluntarily brought into
consciousness are kept.

5
Q

ID

A

part of the personality present at birth;
completely unconscious.
– libido: the instinctual energy that may come into
conflict with the demands of a society’s standards for
behavior.
– pleasure principle: principle by which the id
functions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without
regard for the consequences.

6
Q

EGO

A

part of the personality that develops out of
a need to deal with reality; mostly conscious,
rational, and logical.
– reality principle: principle by which the ego functions;
the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when
negative consequences will not result.

7
Q

Superego

A

part of the personality that acts as a
moral center.
– ego ideal: part of the superego that contains the
standards for moral behavior.
– conscience: part of the superego that produces pride
or guilt, depending on how well behavior matches or
does not match the ego ideal.

8
Q

Denial

A

the person refuses to acknowledge or

recognize a threatening situation.

9
Q

Repression

A

the person refuses to consciously
remember a threatening or unacceptable event,
instead pushing those events into the
unconscious mind.

10
Q

Projection

A

unacceptable or threatening
impulses or feelings are seen as originating with
someone else, usually the target of the impulses
or feelings.

11
Q

Fixation

A

If the person does not fully resolve the
conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, it will
result in personality traits and behaviors
associated with that earlier stage.

12
Q

Oral stage:

A

First stage, in which the mouth is
the erogenous zone and weaning is the
primary conflict; id dominated

13
Q

Anal stage

A

Second stage, occurring between
about one and three years of age; the anus is the
erogenous zone and toilet training is the source
of conflict; ego develops.

14
Q

Anal expulsive personality

A

a person fixated in the

anal stage who is messy, destructive, and hostile

15
Q

Anal retentive personality:

A

a person fixated in the anal

stage who is neat, fussy, stingy, and stubborn

16
Q

Phallic stage:

A

Third stage, occurring from about
three to six years of age; the child discovers
sexual feelings; superego develops

17
Q

Oedipus complex

A

situation occurring in the phallic
stage in which a child develops a sexual attraction to
the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex
parent.

18
Q

Latency stage:

A

Fourth stage occurring during
the school years, in which the sexual feelings of
the child are repressed while the child develops
in other ways.

19
Q

Genital stage

A

During and after puberty, sexual

feelings reawaken with appropriate targets

20
Q

Neo-Freudians

A

followes of Freud who developed their own competing pyschodynamic theories

21
Q

Albert Bandura and Reciprocal Determinism

A

Bandura’s explanation of how the factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior

22
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

indivual’s exoectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in a particular circumstance

23
Q

Carl Rogers and Unconditional Positive Regard

A

referring to the warmth, respect, and acceptaing atmosphere created by the therapist for the client in person-centered therapy; positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached

24
Q

Trait theories

A

theories that enfeacor to describe the characteristics that make up human personality in an effor to predict future behavior

25
Q

Openness

A

willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences

26
Q

Conscientiousness

A

the care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others, dependability

27
Q

Agreeableness

A

the emotional style of a person that may ranfe from easygoing friendly, and likeable to grumpy, crabby, and unpleasnt

28
Q

Extraversion

A

dimension of personality reffering to one’s need to be with other people

29
Q

Neuroticism

A

degree of emotional instabiliy or stability

30
Q

Projective tests

A

personality assessments that present ambiguous visual stimuli to the client and ask the client to respond with whatever comes to mind

31
Q

Rorschach test

A

projective test that uses 10 inkblots as the ambiguous stimuli

32
Q

Thematic Apperception test

A

projective test that usees 20 pictures of people in ambiguous situations as the visual stimuli

33
Q

Personality inventory

A

paper and pencil or computerized test that consists od statements that require, standardized respnse from the person taking the test