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Flashcards in chapter 13 Deck (25)
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1
Q

schedule of reinforcement

A

is a rule that describes a contingency of reinforcement, those environmental arrangements that determine conditions by which behaviors will produce reinforcement

2
Q

intermittent schedule of reinforcement (INT)

A

some, but not all occurrences of the behaviors are reinforced.

3
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

provides reinforcement for each occurrence of Behavior

4
Q

Fixed Ratio (FR)

A

requires the completion of a number of responses to produce a reinforcer

5
Q

postreinforcement pause

A
follows reinforcement (the participant does not respond for a period of time following reinforcemnet.
size of ratio influences-
larger ratio- long pauses
small ratio- short pauses
6
Q

variable ratio (VR)

A

schedule of reinforcement requires the completion of variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer

7
Q

fixed interval (FI)

A

schedule of reinforcement provides for the first response following a fixed duration of time

8
Q

variable interval (VI)

A

schedule of reinforcement provides reinforcement for the first correct response following the elapse of variable durations of time

9
Q

limited hold

A

when added to an interval schedule, reinforcement remains available for a finite time following the elapse of the FI or VI interval. participant will miss the opportunity for reinfrocement if a targeted response does not occur within the time limit.

10
Q

scheduling thinning

A

gradually increasing the response ratio or duration of time interval.

  • teachers often use instructions to clearly communicate the schedules of reinforcement
  • rules, directions, and signs
11
Q

ratio strain

A

results from abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedule

12
Q

differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH)

A

delivery of the reinforcer is contingent on responses occurring at a rate higher than some predetermined criterion.

13
Q

differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)

A

delivery of the reinforcer is contingent on responses occurring at a rate lower than a predetermined criterion

14
Q

differential reinforcements of dimishing rates (DRD)

A

schedule provides reinforcement at the end of a predetermined time interval when the number of response is less than a criterion that is gradually decreased across time intervals based on individuals performance

15
Q

progressive schedule of reinforcement

A

systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the participants behavior

16
Q

compound schedule

A

combining elements of continuous reinforcment, and intermittent schedules, differential reinforcement of various rates (DRH, DRL) and extinction.

17
Q

concurrent schedule

A

occurs when:

  • 2 or more contingencies of reinforcement
  • operate independently and simultaneously for 2 or more behaviors
18
Q

matching law

A
  • concurrent schedule

rate of responding typically is proportional to the rate of reinforcement received from each choice alternative

19
Q

multiple schedule

A

presents 2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement in an alternating, usually random, sequence. occur successive and independently

20
Q

chained schedule

A

2 or more schedule requirements that occur successively and have a discriminative stimulus correlated with each independent schedule.

  • always occur in specifc order
  • BX may be the same for all elements
  • conditioned reinforcement is the SD for the next element
21
Q

mixed schedule

A

identical to multiple schedules, except that has no discriminative stimuli correlated with the independent schedules

22
Q

tandem schedule

A

identical to chained schedule except does not have a discriminative stimulus with the elements in the chain

23
Q

alternative schedule

A

provides reinforcement whenever the requirement of either a ratio or interval schedule is met regardless of which on was met first.

24
Q

conjunctive schedule

A

in effect whenever reinforcement follows the completion of response requirements for both a ratio and an interval schedule of reinforcement.

25
Q

adjunctive behavior

A

normal time filling behaviors (doodling, smoking, idle talking, drinking)
schedule induced behaviors- when the frequency of these behaviors increases as a side effect of other behaviors maintained by a schedule of reinforcement.