Chapter 12: Spread of Terror Flashcards Preview

French Revolution AS Level > Chapter 12: Spread of Terror > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 12: Spread of Terror Deck (19)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

How did the Convention’s Declaration in Sep 1793 increase the terror?

A

Declaration that it must destroy enemies of the Republic

  • increase in use of revolutionary tribunals
  • from 66 guillotined (Mar-Sep) to 180 (Sep-Dec)
2
Q

How were the show trials significant?

A
  • increased SC desire for blood (specifically King’s)
3
Q

What decrees were passed that increased the terror for ordinary citizens?

A
  • (10 Oct 1793) CPS speech that govt. is revolutionary until peace
  • local watch commitees monitor locals
  • CGS spies
  • over 100 representants en mission from convention pursue justice
4
Q

Who was Hebert?

A
  • crucial in ‘Cult of Reason’, key role in Paris Commune
  • attacked Girondins
  • arrested Apr 1793
5
Q

What did the dechristianisation campaign include?

A
  • closing churches
  • iconoclasm
  • focused on Paris, carried to provinces by representant en mission
  • became official policy Oct 1793
  • Nov 193: Notre Dame became Temple of Reason & Festival of Reason
6
Q

How did the Peasantry, Convention & SC react to dechristianisation campaign?

A

Peasantry:

  • badly as those in provinces strongly believe in God

SC:

  • enthusiastic radicals

Convention:

  • did not support as didn’t support ‘Festival of Reason’ in Nov 1793
  • often yielded to SC who support dechristianisation
7
Q

What did radicals do to challenge authority from God in Nov 1793?

A
  • organised Festival of Reason
8
Q

Was Robespierre supportive of Cult of Reason? Why?

A
  • He believed it went too far
  • R thought faith was a good tool for control
  • R thought it earnt revolution new enemies
9
Q

How did Robespierre respond to dechristianisation? Why did he respond this way?

A
  • killed those responsible for cult of reason
  • started Cult of Supreme Being with a new god
  • June 1794: Festival of Supreme Being
  • R thought faith was a good tool for control
10
Q

What was the Law of 14 Frimaire (Dec 1793)? How did it impact Robespierre’s position?

A
  • gave CPS direct control over local govt. etc. & disbanded armee revolutionaries
  • restricted influence of SC & factions so R has more power
11
Q

How did the arrest and execution of the Hebertists affect Robespierre? (March 1794)

A
  • Hebertists complain that R was setting up a dictatorship

- R had less opposition and criticism with no Hebertists

12
Q

Who were the Indulgents? How did the arrest and execution of the Indulgents affect Robespierre? (April 1794)

A
  • Danton etc. believed Terror should be scaled back

- less opposition and criticism

13
Q

What was the Law of 22 Prairial (June 1794)?

A
  • all accused of political crimes went to Paris revolutionary tribunals
  • only acquittal or death
14
Q

How did Internal Divisions catalyse Robespierre’s fall from power?

A
  • Removal of factions (Mar-Apr 1794): angered the convention and made them fear R as moderates worried they could be labelled Indulgents
  • Divisions between CGS & CPS (June-July 1794): CGS angry over Law of Prairial
  • Divisions within CPS (June-July 1794): argue over military tactics, not consulted over Law of Prairial
15
Q

How did economic problems catalyse Robespierre’s fall from power?

A
  • (July 1794) maximum wage set which angered SC
16
Q

How did oppressive policies catalyse Robespierre’s fall from power?

A
  • Law of Prairial (June 1794): two outcomes of revolutionary tribunal are acquittal or death
17
Q

When was the Terror?

A
  • late 1792-95
18
Q

What was the Law of Suspects (Sep 1793)?

A
  • all suspected counter-revolutionary activity lead to an arrest
19
Q

What were the main changes to France during the Terror?

A
  • increased repression

- power lies more heavily in France (centralised power)