Chapter 10: The Age of Jackson 1824-1844 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 10: The Age of Jackson 1824-1844 Deck (20)
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1
Q

Party Nominating Conventions

A

Replacement of state legislatures picking candidates
~Party politicians and voters would gather in a large meeting hall to nominate the party’s candidate
~More open to popular participation, hence more democratic

2
Q

Spoils System

A

Dispensing government jobs in return for party loyalty
~Promoted government corruption
~Andrew Jackson believed in appointing people to federal jobs strictly according to whether they had actively campaigned for the Democratic Party
~Any previous holder of the office who was not a Democrat was fired and replaced by a loyal Democrat

3
Q

“The Corrupt Bargain”

A

Talks about the election of 1824 and the election of John Quincy Adams
~Jackson won by popular vote but lacked electoral college votes
~Henry Clay used his influences in the House to provide John Quincy Adams with enough votes to win the election
~After President Adams appointed Henry Clay into the Secretary of State position, Jackson and his followers were positive that popular vote had been failed by political maneuvers

4
Q

Henry Clay

A

Republican party nominee for the Election of 1824
~Used his influence to get John Quincy Adams elected
~Became Secretary of State under his presidency

5
Q

Tariff of 1828

A

Passed towards the end of John Quincy Adams’ presidency
~Satisfied Northern manufacturers but alienated Southern planters
~Southerners denounced it as a “tariff of abominations”

6
Q

Indian Removal Act (1830)

A

Forced the resettlement of many thousands of Native Americans
~By 1835 most eastern tribes were moved westward
~Created the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1836 to help the resettled tribes

7
Q

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)

A

When the Cherokees’ challenged Georgia’s right to force them to move westward
~Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation was not a foreign nation with the right to sue in a federal court

8
Q

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

A

A second case with representation of the Cherokee Nation

~Supreme Court ruled that the laws of Georgia had no force within the boundaries of the Cherokee Nation

9
Q

“Trail of Tears”

A

1838, the Cherokee Nation was forced by the US Army to leave Georgia, the hardships on the Trail of Tears were so great 4,000 Cherokees died on westward trek

10
Q

Nullification Crisis

A

The South Carolinan legislature decided that the Tariff of Abominations was unconstitutional
~Nullification Theory: Each state had the right to decide whether to obey a federal law
~President Jackson came up with his own; declared his own position, “our federal Union, must be preserved”

11
Q

John C. Calhoun

A

First Vice President to Andrew Jackson
~Proposed the idea of Nullification Theory
~Later resigned from office due to the Peggy Eaton affair

12
Q

Proclamation of the People of South Carolina

A

Passed by President Jackson to deal with the possible nullification and secession of South Carolina
~Stated that nullification and disunion were treason

13
Q

Nicholas Biddle

A

President of the Bank of the United States
~Ran it effectively
~Sue to his arrogance, contributed to the suspicion that the bank abused its powers and served the intrests of the wealthy

14
Q

Whig Party

A

A new political party, Henry Clay’s supporters, that resembled the dead Federalist Party
~Favored Clay’s American System, opposed immorality, vice and crime which some blamed on immigrants
~New Englanders, residents of mid-Atlantic and upper-mid-Western states, Protestants of old English stock, middle class urban professionals

15
Q

Roger Taney

A

Secretary of Treasury under President Jackson
~Aided Jackson in “killing” the national bank
~Transferred funds to various state banks

16
Q

“Pet Banks”

A

Various state banks that Taney transferred money to after Jackson “killed” the national bank
~Did this by vetoing recharter and stopping funds
~This was the nickname given by Jackson’s critics

17
Q

Specie Circular

A

Jackson’s attempt to check the inflationary trend
~A presidential order
~It required that all future purchases of federal lands be made in gold and silver rather than in paper bank notes
~Bank notes lost their value and land sales plummeted
~Panic of 1837 AKA economic depression

18
Q

Panic of 1837

A

An economic depression during Jackson’s presidency
~Bank notes lost value and land sales plummeted
~Many banks shut down

19
Q

Martin Van Buren

A

Eighth president of the United States, Democratic Party
~Inherited the Panic of 1837 from President Jackson
~Was Vice President to Andrew Jackson

20
Q

“Log Cabin and Hard Cider” Campaign of 1840

A

The Whig campaign to end the Jacksonian era of Presidency
~Used William Henry “Tippecanoe” Harrison as their likeable candidate
~To symbolize Harrison’s humble beginnings they put log cabins on wheels and traveled from city to city
~Passed out hard cider to voters as well as hats
~Name calling as a propaganda device: Martin Van Ruin