Chapter 1 Interpretation and definition of classical mythology Flashcards Preview

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0
Q

Allegory

A

A sustained metaphor which is a symbolic depiction

1
Q

Aitia

A

“Cause” or “reason” for a fact, ritual practice , or institutio

2
Q

Animus/anima

A

Image of the female that each man has within him; it is the concept that he responds to when he falls in love/ archetypal concept of the male that a woman instinctively harbors within her.

3
Q

Archetypes

A

Dramatic abbreviations of human behavior

4
Q

Bronislav Malinowski

A

Anthropologist and ethnographer,stranded among Trobriand islanders during WWII myths as “charters” of social customs and beliefs. Related to practical life , explained existing facts and institutions by reference to tradition. Confirms institution, custom, or beliefs.

5
Q

Carl Jung (psychological)

A

Instead of myths connected to dreams of the individual unconscious it’s the collective unconscious “ a revelation of the continuing psychic tendencies of society” they contain “archetypes “ anima/animus

6
Q

Claude Lévi-Strauss (anthropological/sociological)

A

Mode of communication. Partial versions combine to reveal total structure including relationships and between the parts and as a whole. “Binary structure” negotiations and resolution of opposites through myth

7
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Revelation of the continuing psychic tendencies of society

8
Q

Dream-work

A

Freud. Consists of 3 primary mental activities

  1. Condensation of elements (they are abbreviated or compressed)
  2. Displacement (changed, particularly in terms of allusion and a difference of emphasis)
  3. Representation of elements ( transmission of elements into imagery or symbols)
9
Q

Euhemerism

A

From Euhemerus c.a. 300 BC who claimed that gods were men deified for their great deeds, the opposite extreme of the metaphorical approach

10
Q

Electra complex

A

Female version of Oedipus complex, girl loves her father and jealous of mother (Freud/Jung)

11
Q

Etiological approach

A

Myths as explanations of some facts, rituals, institutions, or customs. From the Greek word aitia which means “cause” or “reason”

12
Q

Folk tales

A

Often stories of adventure peopled with fantastic beings, hero/heroine that triumphs in the end. Primary goal to entertain and contain many familiar characters and motifs.

13
Q

J.G. Frazer

A

Author of The Golden Bough which remains a pioneering monument in it’s attempts to link myth with ritual. Full of comparative data between kingship and ritual. Has some limitations

14
Q

Joseph Campbell

A

Well known comparative mythologist who embraces mythologies of every sort and has contributed much to the popularization of comparative mythology although he doesn’t really deal with Classical Greek and roman mythology. Recognize kindred spiritual values through a comparison of different peoples mythologies over the centuries.

15
Q

Legend/saga

A

Used interchangeably, these stories contain a kernel of historical truth and generally focus upon the adventures of a hero.

16
Q

Max Müller

A

19th century influential theory that myths are nature myths, all referring to meteorological and cosmological phenomena

17
Q

Mircea Eliade

A

Proflific 20th century writer who believed that myths are distant memories of the mystical and the divine

18
Q

Eliade

A

.

18
Q

Motifemes

A

A concept used in the elucidation of stories by identifying their patterns; it is a functional element or unit of action in a story. Ex: hero and hero’s mother
Girl is secluded
Girl impregnated by god
She suffers
She is rescued and gives birth to a son as reward

19
Q

Myth

A

No one definition is suitable. A classical myth is a story that, through its classical form, has attained a kind if immortality because it’s inherent archetypal beauty, profundity, and power have inspired rewarding renewal and transformation by successive generations

20
Q

Myth proper

A

Primarily concerned with the gods and their relations with mortals

21
Q

Mythos

A

Greek for word, speech, tale, or story

22
Q

Oedipus complex

A

Son turns toward mother as object of love and hostile or jealous of the father (freud)

23
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

20th century psychological approach to myths, Oedipus complex, dream work, emphasis on sexuality (particularly infantile), the individual unconscious

24
Q

Structuralism

A

Focuses on the the relationship among the themes and on patterns of action. An attempt to analyze myths into their component parts.

25
Q

Vladimir Propp

A

Structuralist, studied Russian folk tales and divided the basic structure into motifemes or functions/units of action. From one story to the next the characters may change but the functions do not and all of them may not be used but they always appeared in the same order

26
Q

Walter Burkert

A

Structuralist.

1) myth belongs to the more general class of traditional tale
2) the identity of a traditional tale is to be found in a structure of sense within the tale itself
3) tale structures, as sequences of motifemes, are founded on basic biological or cultural programs of actions
4) myth is a traditional tale with secondary, partial reference to something of collective importance

27
Q

Fairy tale

A

Particular kind of folk tale aimed at children

28
Q

Religious interpretation

A

Myths of creation, the nature of god and humankind, the afterlife, and other spiritual concerns

29
Q

Psychological interpretation

A

Archetypes and the collective unconscious, a revelation of the continuing psychic tendencies of society

30
Q

Anthropological/sociological

A

Myth connected to ritual, myths as social charters of customs and beliefs, related to practical life explaining existing facts and institutions by reference to tradition, structuralists