Chapter 1 : European Renaissance and Reformation Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?

A

Art and Learning

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2
Q

What were Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More?

A

Christian Humanists

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3
Q

In what way did Leonardo Da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man?

A

He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist.

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4
Q

Who declared himself the head of the English Church?

A

Henry VIII

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5
Q

Where was the first movable type used?

A

China

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6
Q

What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?

A

Predestination

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7
Q

What kind of person represented the ideal of the “Renaissance Man”?

A

Someone who excelled in many areas.

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8
Q

How did the Italy’s location help it become the birthplace of the Renaissance?

A
  • thriving cities
  • a wealthy merchant class
  • the classical heritage of Greece and Rome
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9
Q

What was an important effect of the printing press?

A

The printing press made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply.

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10
Q

What were Luther’s main beliefs?

A
  • People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness
  • the words of the Bible were the only clear authority of the Church
  • all people with faith are equal
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11
Q

What was the main reason for Henry VIII’s split with the Roman Catholic Church?

A

His desire for a male heir

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12
Q

What was agreed upon at the Council of Trent?

A
  • The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final.
  • Christians needed faith and good works for salvation.
  • The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life.
  • Indulgences were valid expressions of faith. But the selling of indulgences was banned.
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13
Q

What were the major SOCIAL reasons for the Reformation?

A
  • The Renaissance values about humanism and secularism led people to question the Church.
  • The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church.
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14
Q

What were the major POLITICAL reasons for the Reformation?

A
  • Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe.
  • Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign leader and challenged his authority.
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15
Q

What were the major ECONOMIC reasons for the Reformation?

A
  • European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth.
  • Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the church.
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16
Q

What were the major RELIGIOUS reasons for the Reformation?

A
  • Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt.

- Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable.

17
Q

What does secular mean?

A

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

18
Q

What does vernacular mean?

A

the everyday language of people in a region or country

19
Q

The intellectual and cultural movement known as humanism arose from the study of what?

A

the study of classical texts (Roman and Greek)

20
Q

In Greek, what does utopia mean?

A

no place

21
Q

Predestination was the main doctrine of what religion?

A

Calvinism

22
Q

Who was the founder of the religious order known as the Jesuits?

A

Ignatius of Loyola

23
Q

What religion was only baptism of adults valid to?

A

Anabaptists

24
Q

What is the Medici family famous for?

A

being rulers and supporting the arts

25
Q

What was the first full-sized book Gutenburg printed?

A

The Bible

26
Q

What area is the technique of perspective most useful in?

A

two-dimensional art

27
Q

What is the practice of selling indulgences?

A

The clergy sold pardons (indulgences). Those pardons released people from preforming penalties for their sins.

28
Q

Who invented the printing press?

A

Johann Gutenburg

29
Q

What time frame covers the Renaissance? (years)

A

1300-1600

30
Q

What did the Council of Trent agree upon?

A

several doctrines

31
Q

ESSAY TOPIC!!!!!!
What were the effects of Gutenburg’s printing press?
+ info to include in your essay

A

EXTRA INFO
-movable type was invented in 1045 by the Chinese
-proved impractical
-printing press was made by Johann Gutenburg around 1440 in Mainz, Germany
-Combined technologies from Asia, Chinese and Europe
-Asian olive oil made it workable
-Chinese movable type
-European oil based ink
-First book was the Gutenburg Bible
-when more common made travel guides and manuals
EFFECTS
-easier and cheaper to produce books
-faster can make 100x faster than originally
-started a revolution of reading that is carried on even today