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1
Q

What are the 5 non-scientific approaches to acquiring knowledge?

A

method of tenacity, authority + (faith), intuition, rational method, method of empiricism.

2
Q

What is the method of tenacity?

A

information is accepted as true because it has always been believed or because superstition supports it. From habit or superstition

3
Q

What is the method of authority?

A

a person relies on information or answers from an expert in the subject area.

4
Q

What is the method of faith (under method of authority)

A

people have unquestioning trust in the authority figure and, therefore, accept information from the authority without doubt or challenge.

5
Q

What is the method of intuition?

A

information is accepted on the basis of a hunch or “gut feeling.”

6
Q

What is the rational method?

A
  • seeks answers by the use of logical reasoning.
  • critical component of the scientific method
  • In this argument, the first two sentences are premise statements. The final sentence is a logical conclusion based on the premises.
  • We begin with a set of known facts or assumptions and use logic to reach a conclusion or get an answer to a question
7
Q

What is the empirical method?

A
  • uses observation or direct sensory experience to obtain knowledge.
  • Critical component of the scientific method
8
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

method of acquiring knowledge that uses observations to develop a hypothesis, and then uses the hypothesis to make logical predictions that can be empirically tested by making additional, systematic observations. Typically, the new observations lead to a new hypothesis, and the cycle continues.

9
Q

Explain the 5 steps of the scientific method

A

In docs

10
Q

What is induction or inductive reasoning?

A

involves using a relatively small set of specific observations as the basis for forming a general statement about a larger set of possible observations.

11
Q

What are variables?

A

characteristics or conditions that change or have different values for different individuals.

12
Q

What are premise statements?

A

In logical reasoning, premise statements describe facts or assumptions that are presumed to be true.

13
Q

What is an argument?

A

An argument is a set of premise statements that are logically combined to yield a conclusion.

14
Q

What are methods of acquiring knowledge?

A

are ways in which a person can know things or discover answers to questions.

15
Q

What is deduction or deductive reasoning?

A

uses a general statement as the basis for reaching a conclusion about specific examples.

16
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

Hypothesis is a statement that describes or explains a relationship between or among variables. It is not a final answer, but rather a proposal to be tested and evaluated (tentative answer).

17
Q

Quantitative research?

A

based on measuring variables for individual participants to obtain scores, usually numerical values, which are submitted to statistical analysis for summary and interpretation.

18
Q

Qualitative research?

A

Qualitative Research is based on making observations that are summarized and interpreted in a narrative report.

19
Q

How do you know whether it’s qual or quant research?

A

It all depends on what they produce and how the measurements are shown (numerical scores vs. narrative report)

20
Q

Individuals who take part in research studies are called ______ if they are human?

A

Participants

21
Q

The individuals who take part in research studies are called ________ if they are nonhuman?

A

Subjects

22
Q

The scientific method is??

A
  • Public
  • Empirical
  • Objective