Anatomy
Studies the structure of the body parts and relation to one another
Gross Anatomy
Study of large body parts visible to the naked eye
Surface anatomy
Study of internal structures as they relate to the overlaying the skin surface. (Bulging muscles on body)
Microscopic
Structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cystology
Study of cells in the body
Histology
Study of tissue
Physiology
How the body works and carry our daily activities
Principal of Complementary
Ex:
- Bones support the organs
- Blood flows through the heart and it prevent back flow
- muscles can contract bc of contractile units
Organ Systems
1. Integumentary 2 Skeletal 3 Muscular 4 Nervous 5 Endocrine 6 Cardiovascular 7 lymphatic system 8 Respiratory 9 Digestive 10 Urinary 11 Reproductive
Integumentary System
Skin, protection, temp control
Skeletal System
Protection of organs
Frame work
Produces red blood cells
Muscular System
Movement
Thermal regulation
Nervous System
Fast Acting control system
Send signals through the nerves
Endocrine System
Slow acting control system
Uses hormones
Reproductive system
Cardiovascular System
Circulatory system
Transport blood and oxygen
Lymphatic System
Immune System
Sends white blood cells to fight infection
Respiratory System
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
Sends carbon dioxide out
Digestive System
Breaks down food
Distribution to body cells
Urinary System
Ph balance
Regulates water
Reproductive System
Overall function is to produce offspring
Maintaining Boundaries
Separate outside world from the inner body
Movement
Locomotion
Responsiveness
Senses change in the environment and respond to them.
All 3 metabolize nutrients
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
General Life Functions
- maintain boundaries
- movement
- responsiveness
- digestion
- metabolism
- excretion
- reproduction
- growth
- living things are made of 1 or more cells
Homeostasis
Able to maintain a stable internal condition even though the outside world changes
Negative Feedback
Brings things back to normal levels
Ex: thermostat and AC
Positive Feedback
Keeps going
Body Divisions
Axis- head
Appendicular- limbs
Serous Membrane
Visceral serosa - sits on organ
Parietal serosa - lines cavity
Elements in Living Organisms
Carbon (c) Oxygen (o) Hydrogen (h) Nitrogen (n) Phosphorous (p)
Atomic Structure
Clusters of small particles called Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.
Protons
Located in nucleus
Positive charge
Neutrons
Located in nucleus
No electrical charge
Electrons
Orbit around the nucleus
Isotopes
Are atoms that have a different number of electrons than protons.
Molecule
Two or more atoms bound together
Compound
Two or more DIFFERENT kinds of atoms are bound together
Ionic Bond
Bond between a transfer of one or more electrons from one to another
Covalent Bond
Sharing electrons
Which orbits both atoms
Polar
Unequal electron sharing
Like water
Non- Polar
Molecules are electrically balanced
Do not dissolve in water
Hydrogen Bonds
Attractions
Form when a hydrogen atoms attracted to another electron-hungry atom, so that a bridge forms between them.
Water
- high heat capacity
- high heat vaporization - sweating
- universal solvents
- reactivity - helps digest food
- cushioning - cushion around certain body organs
Inorganic Compounds
Water
Salts
Acids/bases
Ph Scale
-1 = Acidic 14 = alkaline (basic)
Organic Compounds
- proteins
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Elements
Monomer
Function
Ex
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Monosaccharides
Short term energy
Bread, sugars
Lipids
Elements
Monomer
Function
Ex
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Fatty acid
Long term energy storage, temp regulation
Fats / oils
Do not dissolve in water
Proteins
Elements
Monomer
Function
Ex
Carbon , oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
Amino acid
Structure, carrying oxygen, regulatory
Enzyme - breaking down
Nucleus Acid
Elements
Monomer
Function
Ex
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
Ex: ATP
ENERGY!!!!!!