Chapter 1

Question 1

Society

Answer 1

An enduring community, nation, etc that shares a territory; Has economic, political, and cultural ties

Question 2

Sociology

Answer 2

The systematic study of human society, social groups, and social interactions

Question 3

Social structure

Answer 3

Recurring patterns of group relationships that form a society

Question 4

Sociological imagination

Answer 4

Ability to recognize how apparently personal issues at least partly reflect broader social structures

Question 5

Empirical research

Answer 5

Based on systematic, unbiased examination

Question 6

August Comte

Answer 6

Coined the term sociology, suggested the scientific method could be applied to social events

Question 7

Herbert Spencer

Answer 7

Viewed society as a giant organism; Two principles: society must be understood as an adaptation to its environment and must use the scientific method

Question 8

Karl Marx

Answer 8

Repulsed by poverty; increased sociologists’ attention to the importance of economic systems

Question 9

Emile Durkheim

Answer 9

Focused on understanding how societies remain stable and how stable societies foster happiness; Stressed important of statistics

Question 10

Fatalistic suicide

Answer 10

Society provided too little freedom and people feel trapped

Question 11

Anomic suicide

Answer 11

Too much freedom; individual passions are not checked

Question 12

Max Weber

Answer 12

Emphasis on subjective meanings of social actions; social causes over economic causes, and objectivity. Knowing patterns, interplay of economic and social issues, sociology must be value free

Question 13

Value-free

Answer 13

What is, not what ought to be

Question 14

Jane Addams

Answer 14

Used social science data to lobby for safer working conditions

Question 15

Structural functionalism

Answer 15

Social organization (Structure) and how it works (functions)

Question 16

3 assumptions of s-f theory

Answer 16

Stability, harmony, and evolution

Question 17

Functions

Answer 17

Positive consequences

Question 18

Dysfunctions

Answer 18

Negative consequences

Question 19

Manifest (dys)functions

Answer 19

Intended or recognized consequences

Question 20

Latent (dys)functions

Answer 20

Consequences that are unintended or not recognized

Question 21

Conflict theory

Answer 21

Points of stress and conflict in society and how they contribute to social change; Who benefits the most

Question 22

3 assumptions of conflict theory

Answer 22

Competition, Structural inequality, and social change

Question 23

Symbolic Interaction theory

Answer 23

Addresses subjective meanings of human acts and the processes through which ppl develop and communicate charged meanings; How relationships and social structures shape individuals

Question 24

3 premises of S-I theory

Answer 24

Meanings are important, grow out of relationships, adn are negotiated b/w ppl

Question 25

Anecdotal evidence

Answer 25

Obtained haphazardly and based on a small number of people or events

Question 26

Five steps of research

Answer 26

State problem, select variables, gather data, find patterns, and generate theories

Question 27

Induction

Answer 27

Moving from data to theory

Question 28

Deduction

Answer 28

Moving form theory to data

Question 29

Incidence

Answer 29

How common

Question 30

Trend

Answer 30

Change over time

Question 31

Differentials

Answer 31

Change from group to group

Question 32

Longitudinal research

Answer 32

Collecting data over long pds of time

Question 33

Spurious relaitonship

Answer 33

One variable seems to cause changes in the second, but a third variable is affecting both

Question 34

Social-desirability bias

Answer 34

Ppl color the truth to appear more socially desirable

Question 35

Participant observation

Answer 35

Participate in subjects’ daily lives, observe, or interview ppl in depth

Question 36

Content analysis

Answer 36

Systematic exam of documents

Question 37

Jobs w/ soc degree

Answer 37

Journalism, business, teaching, heath care, grad education, etc