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Flashcards in Chapter 1 Deck (19)
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1
Q

Organizational behavior

A

a field of study devoted to understanding, explaining and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations

2
Q

Human resource management

A

takes the theories and principles studied in OB and explores the “nuts-and-bolts” applications of those principles in organizations.

3
Q

Strategic management

A

focus on the product choices and industry characteristics that affect an organization’s profitability.

4
Q

Resource-based view

A

describes what makes resources valuable (what makes them capable of creating long-term, profits for the firm)

resources - financial and physical resources plus knowledge, ability, and wisdom of the workforces and image, culture, and goodwill of the org.

5
Q

Inimitable

A

resource is more valuable when it is inimitable, meaning that it cannot be imitated.

6
Q

History

A

People create a history - a collective pool of experience, wisdom, and knowledge that benefits the organization.

7
Q

Numerous small decisions

A

people make many small decisions day in and day out, week in and week out

8
Q

Socially complex resources

A

people create socially complex resources like culture, teamwork, trust, and reputation. Called this because is’s not always clear how they came to develop, though it is clear which orgs do and do not possess them.

9
Q

Rule of one-eighth

A

one must bear in mind that 1/2 of orgs won’t believe the connection between how they manage their people and the profits they earn. 1/2 of those who do see the connection will do what many orgs have done - try to make a single change to solve their problems, not realizing that the effective mgmt of people requires a more comprehensive and systematic approach. Of the firms that make comprehensive changes, probably only about 1/2 will persist with their practices long enough to actually derive economic benefits. Since 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8, at best 12% of orgs will actually do what is required to build profits by putting people first. Qaa

10
Q

Method of experience

A

People hold firmly to some belief because it is consistent with their own experience and observations.

11
Q

Method of intuition

A

People hold firmly to some belief because it “just stands to reason” - it seems obvious or self-evident

12
Q

Method of authority

A

People hold firmly to some belief because some respected official, agency, or source has said it is so.

13
Q

Method of science

A

people accept some belief because scientific studies have tended to replicate that result using a series of samples, settings, and methods.

14
Q

Theory

A

a collection of assertions - both verbal and symbolic - that specifify how and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should and should not be related.

15
Q

Hypothesis

A

written predictions that specify relationships between variables

16
Q

Correlation

A

abbreviated (r), describes the statistical relationship between two variables. Can be positive or negative and range from 0 (not statistical relationship) to 1 (perfect statistical relationship)

17
Q

Causal inference

A

establishing that one variable really does cause another. Requires establishing 3 things:
1) that the 2 variables are correlated
2) that the presumed cause precedes the presumed effect in time
3 that no alternative explanation exists for the correlation

18
Q

Meta-analysis

A

takes all of the correlations found in studies of a particular relationship and calculates a weighted average

19
Q

Evidence-based management

A

a perspective that argues that scientific findings should form the foundation for management education, much as they do for medical education.