Chapter 1,2,3 Study Guide Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 1,2,3 Study Guide Deck (31)
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1
Q

Definition of Psychology

A

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

2
Q

What is Bias?

A

personal judgement based on beliefs rather than facts

3
Q

The goals of Psychology

A

Description, explanation, prediction, control

4
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

father of Psychology

developed the technique of objective introspection

5
Q

Objective Introspection

A

the process of objectively examining and measuring one’s thought and mental activities; reflection of oneself

6
Q

Structuralism

A

structure of the mind; every experience could be broken into its individual emotions and sensations

7
Q

William JAmes

A

taught Psych at Harvard; more interested in the whY of thinking than he how or what

8
Q

Functionalism

A

how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play

9
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

the whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts

10
Q

Sigmund Frued

A

Psychoanalysis is based on his theory; his patients suffered from nervous disorders with no apparent physical cause. HE proposed the existence of an unconscious (unaware) mind into which we push-or repress-or threatening urges and desires

11
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

A reflex could be caused in response to a previously unrelated stimulus

12
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

Emphasizes the human potential, the ability of each person to become the nest person he or she could be (self actualization)

13
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture

14
Q

biopsychological perspective

A

attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influence, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system

15
Q

evolutionary perspective

A

focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share

16
Q

Psychologist vs. Psychiatrist

A

Psychologist: basic research, purpose is to gain scientific knowledge
Psychiatrist: medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

17
Q

3 most popular work setting for a psychologist?

A

4 year colleges or universities, self-employed psychologist, those working for private or profit businesses

18
Q

role of psychiatric social worker

A

social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact of mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse

19
Q

Steps in the scientific method

A

1) perceive the question
2) form a hypothesis: tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on obs
3) test the hypothesis
4) draw conclusions
5) report your results so that others can try to replicate, or repeat, the study or experiment to see whether the same results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results

20
Q

Naturalistic obs

A

watching animals or humans behave in their normal environment

21
Q

Observer Effect

A

tendency of people or animals to behave differently when they know they are being observed

22
Q

Case Studies

A

ADV: detail
DisADV: fails to generalize, vulnerability to bias
longitudinal study

23
Q

REpresentative sample

A

they could randomly select a certain number of college freshmen from several different colleges across US

24
Q

Correlation

A

measure of the relationships between two variables; variable:anything that can change or vary

25
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

numerical value that represent the strength and direction of the realtionship

26
Q

Operational definition

A

definition of a variable that allows it to be measured

27
Q

Dependent variable

A

outcome

28
Q

independent

A

cause

29
Q

Cofounding variable

A

variables that interfere with each other and their possibile effects on some other variable of interest

30
Q

Random Assignment

A

The process of assigning subjects to the experimental or control groups randomly

31
Q

Single Blind study

A

subjects do not know whether they are in the experimental or the control group (reduces placebo effect)