Chapter 07: Deviance, Crime and Social Control Flashcards Preview

College Sociology > Chapter 07: Deviance, Crime and Social Control > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 07: Deviance, Crime and Social Control Deck (31)
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1
Q

control theory

A

theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society

2
Q

corporate crime

A

crime committed by white-collar workers in a business environment

3
Q

corrections system

A

the system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for,
convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses

4
Q

court

A

a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law

5
Q

crime

A

a behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions

6
Q

criminal justice system

A

an organization that exists to enforce a legal code

7
Q

cultural deviance theory

A

theory that suggests conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime

8
Q

deviance

A

a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms

9
Q

differential association theory

A

theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance

10
Q

formal sanctions

A

sanctions that are officially recognized and enforced

11
Q

hate crimes

A

attacks based on a person’s race, religion, or other characteristics

12
Q

informal sanctions

A

sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions

13
Q

labeling theory

A

the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society

14
Q

legal codes

A

codes that maintain formal social control through laws

15
Q

master status

A

a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual

16
Q

negative sanctions

A

punishments for violating norms

17
Q

nonviolent crimes

A

crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or the threat of force

18
Q

police

A

a civil force in charge of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level

19
Q

positive sanctions

A

rewards given for conforming to norms

20
Q

power elite

A

a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources

21
Q

primary deviance

A

a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others

22
Q

sanctions

A

the means of enforcing rules

23
Q

secondary deviance

A

occurs when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society

24
Q

self-report study

A

collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews

25
Q

social control

A

the regulation and enforcement of norms

26
Q

social disorganization theory

A

theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control

27
Q

social order

A

an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives

28
Q

strain theory

A

theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals

29
Q

street crime

A

crime committed by average people against other people or organizations, usually in public spaces

30
Q

victimless crime

A

activities against the law, but that do not result in injury to any individual other than the person who engages in them

31
Q

violent crimes

A

crimes based on the use of force or the threat of force