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Flashcards in Chap4 Deck (6)
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1
Q

Industrial metabolites

A

Primary metabolites are produced during exponential phase: alcohol. Secondary metabolites are produced at the end of growth or at stationary phase: antibiotics

2
Q

Fermenters

A

Vessel used for industrial growth of microorganisms (chemostat). Fermentation refer to any large-scale microbial process(aero or anaero). Control of temp, nutrient, ph, oxygen.

3
Q

Microorganisms in industry

A

Wild-type strains are not suitable.

1: Mutant strains that overproduce desired metaboliltes: deregulated mutant with respect to desired metabolic pathway. Leads to large scale of production (amino acids, corynebacteria).
2: Genetically modified organisms: genes cloned and expressed in bacteria/yeasts. Can control expression to synthesize products as required. Insulin, rennet.

4
Q

Somatotropin

A

Somatotropin: human growth hormone. Deficiency causes hereditary dwarfism. In some cases, administration of human somatotropin drugs can correct stunted growth of children. Recombinant human somatotropin cloned and expressed in bacteria.

5
Q

Insulin

A

First human protein to be produced by bacteria

6
Q

Herbicide and insectides

A

Can genetically herbicide or insect resistance into plant. Herbicide example: glyphosate kills plants by inhibits aa synthesis. Take gene from glyphosate resistant bacteria, modify for plants, clone into plant. Soybean crops
Insect resistance: bacterial toxin to plants so they can kill insects. Plants produce toxin. Bt toxin for moths and butterfly, not mammals.