Industrial metabolites
Primary metabolites are produced during exponential phase: alcohol. Secondary metabolites are produced at the end of growth or at stationary phase: antibiotics
Fermenters
Vessel used for industrial growth of microorganisms (chemostat). Fermentation refer to any large-scale microbial process(aero or anaero). Control of temp, nutrient, ph, oxygen.
Microorganisms in industry
Wild-type strains are not suitable.
1: Mutant strains that overproduce desired metaboliltes: deregulated mutant with respect to desired metabolic pathway. Leads to large scale of production (amino acids, corynebacteria).
2: Genetically modified organisms: genes cloned and expressed in bacteria/yeasts. Can control expression to synthesize products as required. Insulin, rennet.
Somatotropin
Somatotropin: human growth hormone. Deficiency causes hereditary dwarfism. In some cases, administration of human somatotropin drugs can correct stunted growth of children. Recombinant human somatotropin cloned and expressed in bacteria.
Insulin
First human protein to be produced by bacteria
Herbicide and insectides
Can genetically herbicide or insect resistance into plant. Herbicide example: glyphosate kills plants by inhibits aa synthesis. Take gene from glyphosate resistant bacteria, modify for plants, clone into plant. Soybean crops
Insect resistance: bacterial toxin to plants so they can kill insects. Plants produce toxin. Bt toxin for moths and butterfly, not mammals.