CHAP 5: cardiovascular

Question 1

hypertension

Answer 1

high blood pressure

Question 2

valves

Answer 2

tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic

Question 3

fibrillation

Answer 3

extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by quivering of heart fibers; cardiac arrest and death can occur

Question 4

bradycardia

Answer 4

slow rate, typically below 60 beats per minutes

Question 5

murmur

Answer 5

Sound, in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate an abnormality

Question 6

heart valve stenosis

Answer 6

cusps are too stiff; unable to shut tightly; allowing regurgitation

Question 7

heart valve prolapse

Answer 7

cusps are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allowing regurgitation

Question 8

infarct

Answer 8

.area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood spply

Question 9

epicardium

Answer 9

outer
forms the visceral layer of pericardial sac
fluid bt layers of pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats

Question 10

order of blood flow

Answer 10

slide 47

Question 11

tachycardia

Answer 11

having a fast heart rate, typically more than 100 beats per minute

Question 12

arrhythmia

Answer 12

irregularity in heartbeat; some are mild and others are life threatening

Question 13

aneurysm

Answer 13

weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries

Question 14

hypotension

Answer 14

low blood pressure

Question 15

layers of heart

Answer 15

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

Question 16

cardiomyopathy

Answer 16

myocardial disease
may be causes by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcoholism
common reason for transplant

Question 17

myocardium

Answer 17

middle
thick muscle
Contraction of this layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels

Question 18

endocardium

Answer 18

inner layer
lines chambers
smooth, thin layer that reduces friction as the blood passes through chambers

Question 19

atherosclerosis

Answer 19

most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall

Question 20

blood pressure

Answer 20

120/80

systolic/diastolic

Question 21

myocardial infarction

Answer 21

occlusion of coronary artery; results in a myocardial infarct; a heart attack

Question 22

blood flow through the heart

Answer 22

.

Question 23

Raynaud’s

Answer 23

periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure