Changing cities Flashcards Preview

A - Geography last minute > Changing cities > Flashcards

Flashcards in Changing cities Deck (27)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the effects of Urbanisation in emerging countries

A
  • shanty towns develop
  • gap between rich and poor increases
  • air noise and water polution increase
  • investment increases
2
Q

What are the causes of Urbanisation in developed countries

A

industrialisation- more factory jobs

3
Q

What are the causes of urbanisation in developing/emerging countries

A
  • rural to urban for a better quality of life

- natural increase- birth rates are higher than death

4
Q

Why does population density vary in the UK

A
  • In the north its lower as there are fewer major cities and the land makes it harder to build on
  • cooler climates and more extreme weather so less people live there
  • location on ports- provides industry and employment
5
Q

Describe the general trends in Population distribution

A
  • lower in the north higher in south

- London has 5000 people per km2

6
Q

describe the city structure on Birmingham

A
  • CBD- shops, offices, Bull ring shopping
  • Inner City- redeveloped in the 70s terraces and blocks of flats
  • Sub-urbs- built in 1930s - semi detached less dense
  • Green belt- fewer+ recently built detached, out of town shopping
7
Q

Describe the phases that change a city

A

urbanisation-
suburbanisation- new housing and semis
counter urbanisation- redevelopment built in inner city, people forced out
re-urbanisation- moderation of new apartments

8
Q

describe the causes of national migration in birmingham

A
  • people moving to retirement down south

- people moving in for employment in CBD

9
Q

describe strategies used by birmingham to improve sustainability

A
  • encouraging people to use public transport to save 379 tonnes of CO2 a year
  • reduce waste to landfill
10
Q

describe the causes of international migration into Birmingham

A
  • fled from countries such as Syria from conflict

- empolyment shortages

11
Q

what are the impacts of migration on birmingham

A
  • younger population- search of work
  • multiculturalism- 42% non white
  • ethnic communities- more places of worship
  • housing increases demand rising by extra 5000
  • pressure on services eg GPs
12
Q

factors causing deindustrialisation in birmingham

A
  • increases imports from foreign countries
  • 1970s ring road built so inner city developed factories demolished for road
  • old factories demolishes for housing
  • slow adoption of new technology
13
Q

what are the reasons for economic change in birmingham

A
  • decline in manufacturing industry

- lack of investment

14
Q

describe differences in the quality of life in birmingham

A
  • some migrants dont have skills for work
  • increasing population density pressure on NHS
  • services cant keep up with demand eg schools
  • investment low in inner city due to limited funds
15
Q

describe the changes in retailing in birmingham

A
  • decline in CBD- so bullring was built in 2003
  • new out of town shopping
  • online shopping easier
16
Q

describe the impacts of decentralisation

A
  • Merry Hill shopping centre caused 12% decline in CBD
  • Merry hill resulted in redevelopment of brownfield sites
  • caused the build of the Bullring in birmingham to increase trade
17
Q

How has Birmingham improved city living

A

with more affordable housing for residents

  • 1576 houses built across the city
  • Kings Norton
18
Q

how has employment and education been improved to better city living in birmingham

A
  • youth unemployment has reduced from 12%-9% due to the youth promise pledge
  • Birmingham education partnership works closely with schools to recruit teachers (17 teaching schools in Brum)
19
Q

Describe the site and situation of Mumbai

A
  • western coast of Maharashtra, India
  • well connected rail and 3 airports
  • 21 million people
  • 10% of factory work and 40% of trade occurs here
  • National/global importance- bank of india, bollywood, bombay stock exchange
20
Q

describe the city structure and function of Mumbai

A

CBD- office blocks skyrise, financial hub
Inner city- mostly slums, dharavi
Sub-urbs- middle class housing
Rural urban fringe- clean living away from city new towns built such as Navi

21
Q

What are the effects of rapid urbanisation in Mumbai

A
  • housing shortage+ more squatter settlements
  • under employment- informal economy $1 billion
  • pollution increases toxic smoke and waste
  • pressure on services
22
Q

Describe some Bottom up schemes to tackle problems in mumbai

A

site and service- locals given materials to improve housing

-SPARC- provides permanent housing and toilets

23
Q

Describe some Top Down schemes to tackle problems in mumbai

A
  • 7 year plan invested $2 billion to make 14 high rise apartments
    +advantage improved services
    -loss of community so didnt work
24
Q

Push factors of rural to urban migration in Mumbai

A
  • education and health are lower in rural only 35% of Bihar go to school
  • 55% of bihar are below poverty line
  • 58% of houses have electricity
  • green revolution reduced farm work
  • only 6000 rupees a year
25
Q

Pull factors of rural to urban migration in Mumbai

A
  • 3 universities
  • better infrastructure
  • 30,000 rupees income
  • access to healthcare
26
Q

what are the causes of rapid population growth in mumbai/ india

A
  • high birth rate lower death rate
  • contraception not widely available
  • economic investment and growth- construction of factories more employment
27
Q

Give some evidence for increased inequality in mumbai

A

28/100 Indian billionaires live in mumbai
dharavi slum home to 6 million
home to worlds most expensive house