ch6 skeletal system

Question 1

skeletal system

Answer 1

supports and gives shape
protects internal organs
movements
stores calcium, hormones regulate calcium storage. Calcitonin increases storage, and parathyroid hormone reduces stores of calcium.
Hematopoiesis is the blood cell formation in red bone marrow.

Question 2

four types of bones

Answer 2

Long ex: humerus, femur
short carpals
flat frontal bone of skull
irregular vertebrae

Question 3

structure of long bones*

Answer 3

diaphysis
medullary cavity
epiphyses
articular cartilage
periostrum

Question 4

diaphysis

the shaft

Answer 4

the hollow tube of hard compact bone

Question 5

medullary cavity*

Answer 5

the hollow area inside diaphysis that contains yellow marrow.

Question 6

epiphyses

Answer 6

or ends of the bone, are the spongy bone that contains red bone marrow
where the bone stops growing once the epiphyses closes

Question 7

articular cartilage*

Answer 7

covers the epiphyses and functions as a cushion.

thin layer of cartilage on the end of bones at the joints

Question 8

periosteum

Answer 8

the strong membrane covering bone everywhere except at joint surfaces

Question 9

endosteum*

Answer 9

membrane lining the medullary cavity

fiberous lining of the hollow tibe in a long bone

Question 10

peri

Answer 10

around/outside

Question 11

endo

Answer 11

within

Question 12

epi

Answer 12

above

Question 13

chondro

Answer 13

cartilage

Question 14

-cyte

Answer 14

cell

Question 15

-blast

Answer 15

young cell

Question 16

-clast

Answer 16

to destroy

Question 17

spongy bone

Answer 17

network of open spaces. found in epiphyses of bones, and these spaces
contain red bone marrow.
texture that results from needlelike threads of bone called trabeculae*,

Question 18

Cartilage is composed of

Answer 18

cells called chondrocyte.

The matrix in cartilage is gel-like and lacks blood vessels.

Question 19

organs of the skeletal system

Answer 19

Bones, cartilage, ligaments

Question 20

Osteoblasts*

Answer 20

form new bone

Question 21

osteoclasts

Answer 21

reabsorb bone

Question 22

endochondral ossification*

Answer 22

cartilage into bone

Cartilage models gradually and is replaced by the calcified bone matrix

Question 23

osteon

Answer 23

basic structural unit of compact bone

aka haversian systems

Question 24

what are osteocytes and where can you find them

Answer 24

Living bone cells found in between the hard layers of the lamellae in the lacunae*
osteocytes and chondrocytes=lacunae*

Question 25

how does cartilage defer from bone

Answer 25

The primary difference is that cartilage fibers are embedded in a firm gel substance instead of in a calcified cement substance.

Question 26

what is ossification

Answer 26

Ossification is bone being formed in cartilage

Question 27

skeleton has two main divisions,

Answer 27

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

Question 28

axial skeleton includes *

Answer 28

skull
spine
thorax

Question 29

appendicular skeleton includes *

Answer 29

upper extremities, including shoulder, or pectoral, girdle

lower extremities, including hip, or pelvic, girdle

Question 30

3 major sections of the vertebrae and how many bones each?

caphacaudal- head to tale

Answer 30

at the top there is the atlas, holding up the skull and then the axis where the head turns
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar; 
7 cervical vertebrae, 
12 thoracic vertebrae, 
5 lumbar vertebrae and then 
1 sacrum and 1 coccyx

Question 31

some bones in the upper extremities

Answer 31

Upper—scapula, clavicle, metacarpal, carpal, phalanges, humerus, ulna, radius;

Question 32

some bones in the lower extremities

Answer 32

Lower—hip, coxal bone, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 33

what are the phalanges and 2 different sets

Answer 33

They are the small bones in the fingers and toes. They are located both in the fingers and the toes.

Question 34

metacarpal bones

Answer 34

form the framework of the palm of the hand

Question 35

metatarsal

Answer 35

part of the foot to which the toes are attached

Question 36

floating ribs

Answer 36

2 on the left 2 on the right

12 pairs of ribs total

Question 37

difference between male and female pelvis

Answer 37

male-deep and narrow
female-broad and shallow
The male pelvis is narrower in the middle compared to the round female pelvis house and deliver a baby.
pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet are both normally much wider in the female than in the male. angle at the front of the female pelvis is wider than it is in the male.

Question 38

3 types of joints

Answer 38

Synarthroses (cranial bones)

amphiarthroses (symphysis pubis) diarthroses (freely movable joints)

Question 39

freely moving joint

Answer 39

ball and socket

hinge

Question 40

ligament

Answer 40

tissue to joint

cords or bands made of strong connective tissue

Question 41

epiphy seal plate

Answer 41

as long as its still there, growth continues

Question 42

skull

Answer 42

mandible 
frontal bone
zygomatic bone
occipital bone
maxilla

Question 43

upper extremity

Answer 43

ulna
humerus
metacarpals
carpals

Question 44

trunk

Answer 44

rib
sternum
scapula
clavicle

Question 45

lower extremity

Answer 45

metatarsals 
tibia
fibula
femur
patella