Ch3 + 4

Question 1

divergent evolution of numerous related lineage within a relatively short time

Answer 1

Adaptive Radiation

Question 2

retained with little or no change over long periods among the many descendants of an ancestor

Answer 2

conservative characters

Question 3

superficially similar ft. are formed by different developmental pathways

Answer 3

convergent evolution (convergence)

Question 4

return from an “advanced” or derived, character state to a more “primitive or ancestral state

Answer 4

Evolutionary reversal (reversal)

Question 5

repeated change of a character in the same direction, either within a single lineage or,often, in many lineages indpendently

Answer 5

Evolutionary trend

Question 6

new gene arises as a copy of a pre-existing gene, so that a single gene locus in an ancestor is represented by two loci in the descendant

Answer 6

gene duplication

Question 7

process occurring repeatedly over evolutionary time

Answer 7

gene family

Question 8

evolutionary change in the timing or rate of development events

Answer 8

heterochrony

Question 9

independent evolution of a character or character state in different taxa

Answer 9

Homoplasy

Question 10

acquisition of distinct identities by such modules (mosaic evolution)

Answer 10

individualization

Question 11

evolution of different characters at different rates within the lineage

Answer 11

mosaic evolution

Question 12

reducing the growth rate of somatic characters

Answer 12

neoteny

Question 13

genes that diverge from a common ancestral gene by phylogenetic splitting at the organismal level

Answer 13

orthology

Question 14

reproduces while retaining most of its larval characteristics

Answer 14

paedomorphosis

Question 15

involve similar developmental modification that evolved independently

Answer 15

Parallel evolution (parallelism)

Question 16

genes that originate from an ancestral gene duplication

Answer 16

paralogy

Question 17

evolution of delayed maturity may result in reproduction at a larger size, asst. w/ the deve. of “hyper-adult” ft.

Answer 17

peramorphosis

Question 18

cessation of growth at an earlier age

Answer 18

progenesis

Question 19

proposed generalization that individual body size in animals tends to increase during evolution

Answer 19

Cope’s rule

Question 20

a taxon, distinguished by derived character states, that has descended from an ancestral group that may bear a different name

Answer 20

Crown group

Question 21

formed from geologist before Darwin. Not into the idea of evolution

Answer 21

geological time scale

Question 22

a group of species that have evolved the same state in one or more characters and typically constitute a paraphyletic group relative to other species that have evolved further in the same direction

Answer 22

grade

Question 23

a term for gradual evolutionary change in ft. over a long period of time

Answer 23

Phyletic gradualism

Question 24

pattern of rapid evolutionary change in the phenotype of a lineage separated by long periods of little change;

Answer 24

Punctuated equilibria

Question 25

alternating periods of slow and more rapid gradual change in a single lineage

Answer 25

punctuated gradualism (anagenesis)

Question 26

est. ages of geological material and events by the decay of radio active elements

Answer 26

radiometric dating

Question 27

absence of substantial evolutionary change in one or more character for some period of evolutionary time

Answer 27

stasis

Question 28

descends from an ancestral grops

Answer 28

stem group

Question 29

layers of sedimentary rock that were deposited at different times

Answer 29

strata

Question 30

Homologous in two species if it has been derived from their common ancestor

Answer 30

Character state