Ch.27: Reproductive System Part 2: Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch.27: Reproductive System Part 2: Deck (22)
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1
Q

____________, is the sequence of events in the seminiferous tubules of the testes that produce the male gametes: Sperm or spermatozoa

A

Spermatogenesis

2
Q

Diploid chromosomal number is ___

A

46

3
Q

The number of chromosomes in a human gamete is ___, referred to as the haploid chromosomal number

A

23

4
Q

Gamete formation in both sexes involves _______, a unique kind of nuclear division that for the most part occurs only in the gonads

A

Meiosis

5
Q

These cells called __________ ____, give rise to sperm, goes through In presence of Testosterone and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) released by the ant. Pituitary, each spermatogenic cell (2n= 46) undergo meiosis and forms four unidentical sperms ( n= 23

A

Spermatogenic cells

6
Q

___________, during which it elongates, sheds its excess cytoplasmic baggage and forms a tail. HAS HEAD, MIDPIECE, and TAIL

A

spermiogenesis

7
Q

The ______ of a sperm consist almost entirely of its flattened nucleus, which contains the compacted DNA

A

Head

8
Q

A helmetlike _______ adheres to the top of the nucleus. It contains hydrolytic enzymes, which enable the sperm to penetrate and enter an egg.

A

Acrosome

9
Q

The sperm __________ contains mitochondria spiraled tightly around the microtubules of the tail

A

Midpiece

10
Q

The long tail is a typical _________ produced by one centriole near the nucleus.

A

flagellum

11
Q

The __________ provides the metabolic energy needed for the whiplike movements of the tail that will propel the sperm along its way in the female reproductive tract.

A

Mitochondria

12
Q

Important role of the Sertoli cells/ Supporting Cells/ Sustentacular cells:

A
  • Blood-Testis Barrier (tight Junctions)
  • provide nutrients & essential signals (live or die)
  • move cells to the lumen
  • secrete TESTICULAR FLUID (transport medium)
  • Phagocytize faulty germ cells and excess cytoplasm
  • produce chemical mediators (inhibin & Androgen-binding protein) which aid in regulating Spermatogenesis
13
Q

Hormonal interactions between the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and gonads, a relationship called the ___________ _______ _______ (HPG) axis.

A

hypothalamic pituitary-gonadal axis

14
Q

The hypothalamus releases _________ _________ hormone (GnRH), which reaches the anterior pituitary cells via the blood of the hypophyseal portal system.

A

gonadotropin- releasing hormone

15
Q

GnRH controls the release of the two anterior pituitary gonadotropins: ________ _____ _______ and _______ ______

A
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Lutenizing hormone (LH)
16
Q

_____ stimulates spermatogenesis by stimulating the sustenocytes to release ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN (ABP) ____ enhances testosterone’s stimulatory effects

A

FSH

17
Q

_______ keeps the concentration of TESTOSTERONE in the vicinity of the spermatogenic cells high.

A

ABP

18
Q

______ binds to the interstitial endocrine cells (LEYDIG CELLS) in the soft connective tissue surrounding the seminferous tubules, producing them to secrete testosterone.

A

LH

19
Q

Rising __________ _______ serve as the final trigger for spermatogenesis

A

Testosterone level

20
Q

__________, a protein hormone produced by the sustentocytes, serves as a “barometer” of the normalcy of spermatogenesis. When the sperm count is high more _______ is released, inhibiting anterior pituitary release of FSH and hypothalmic release of GnRH

A

Inhibin

21
Q

Like all steroid hormones, testosterone is synthesized from __________ and exerts its effects by activating specific genes

A

Cholesterol

22
Q

Male Secondary sex characteristics:

A
appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair
deepening of the voice
skin becomes oilier
bones grow and increase in density
high metabolic rate
male libido