NADH
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Glucose
Initial product in glycolysis
Hexokinase
Enzyme that phosphorylates glucose
Glucose 6-phosphate
Resulting molecule after hexokinase phosphorylates
Phosphohexose isomerase
Enzyme that converts Glucose 6-phosphate to Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Isomere of glucose 6-phosphate
Phosphofructokinase
Enzyme that phosphorylates Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 1,6-biphosphate
Resulting molecule after phosphofructokinase phosphorylates
Aldolase
Enzyme that splits a 6-ring carbon into 2, 3-ring carbon atoms
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Resulting 3-ring molecule after aldolase splits the 6-carbon
Isomerase
Enzyme that converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate into a more stable molecule, G3P
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
The more stable form of dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Triose phosphate dehydrogenase
Enzyme that reduces NAD+
1,3-biphosphoglycerate
Resulting molecule after G3P
Phosphoglycerate kinase
Enzyme that phosphorylates 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglycerate
Resulting molecule after 1,3-biphosphoglycerate phosphorylates
Phosphoglycero mutase
Enzyme that changes the structure of 3-phosphoglycerate
2-phosphoglycerate
Isomere of 3-phosphoglycerate
Enolase
Enzyme that changes the structure of 2-phosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Isomere of 2-phosphoenolpyruvate
Pyruvate kinase
Enzyme that phosphorylates phosphoenolpyruvate
Pyruvate
End product of glycolysis
PCI
NADH-Q reductase
Coenzyme Q
Ubiquinone
PCII
Succinate Dehydrogenase
PCIII
Cytochrome C reductase
PCIV
Cytochrome C oxidase
ATP
Energy currency in the cell
Produced in exergonic chemical reactions
Used for endergonic chemical reactions
Phosphate group x3 + ribose + adenine
Aerobic
Oxygen dependent
Anaerobic
Oxygen independent
1 NADH
Produces 2.5 ATP*
*In glycolysis, produces only 1.5
1 FADH2
Produces 1.5 ATP
Glycolysis Output
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate
Pyruvate Oxidation Output
2 NADH
Citric Acid Cycle Output
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 GTP -> 2 ATP
Fermentation
The process of rescuing cells be deoxidizing NADH back to NAD+
No energy is produced, but glycolysis continues to occur
Anaerobic