Ch 7 Physiological Tests of the Auditory System Flashcards Preview

CD 304 Introduction to Audiology > Ch 7 Physiological Tests of the Auditory System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch 7 Physiological Tests of the Auditory System Deck (30)
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0
Q

Static Acoustic Compliance

A

A test that measures the mobility of the tympanic membrane in response to a given value of air pressure in the external ear canal

1
Q

Acoustic Immittance Measurements

A

1) Static Acoustic Compliance
2) Tympanometry
3) Acoustic Reflex

2
Q

Tympanometry Measurement

A

A measurement of middle ear pressure, determined by the mobility of the membrane as a function of various amounts of positive and negative air pressure in the external ear canal

3
Q

Acoustic Reflex

A

Contraction of the middle ear muscles in response to intense sounds, which has the effect of stiffening the middle ear system and decreasing its static acoustic compliance

4
Q

Reactance

A

The combination of mass and stiffness

5
Q

Tympanogram

A

A graph used to measure tympanic membrane movement during Tympanometry

6
Q

Type A Tympanogram

A

Normal tympanogram

7
Q

Type A^s Tympanogram

A

Similar to Type A, except compliance is lower due to stiffness of the tympanic membrane

8
Q

Type A^d Tympanogram

A

Similar to Type A tympanogram, except compliance is much higher, indicating flaccidity of the tympanic membrane or separation of the chain of middle ear bones

9
Q

Type B Tympanogram

A

This tympanogram flatlines for the most part due to a fluid-filled middle ear

10
Q

Type C Tympanogram

A

Similar to Type A tympanogram, except that the peak compliance is at a lower pressure, indicating negative middle ear pressure

11
Q

Acoustic reflex muscles

A

The tensor tympani muscle and the stapedius muscle

12
Q

Reflex-activating stimulus (RAS)

A

The signal used t produce the acoustic reflex, which can be any kind of sound from a pure tone to a noise band

13
Q

Acoustic Reflex Threshold (ART)

A

The lowest level at which an acoustic reflex can be obtained

14
Q

Acoustic Reflex Decay

A

When the stapedius muscle gradually relaxes after the acoustic reflex has been triggered

15
Q

Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE)

A

When the hair cells in the cochlea vibrate producing a small sound that can be used to detect whether the cochlea works or not

16
Q

Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions (SOAEs)

A

When a normal cochlea produces sound in the absence of external stimulation

17
Q

Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (EOAEs)

A

When the cochlea produces sound either during or immediately following acoustic stimulation

18
Q

Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs)

A

Produced by brief acoustic stimuli, such as clicks or tone pips. This is used to test the cochlea and determine if there is a hearing loss or not. A abnormal response reveals damage to any part of the hearing system up to the cochlea, but not past it. A normal response reveals that the cochlea is functioning, but does not diagnose the hearing issue.

19
Q

Electrocochleography (ECoG)

A

The measurement of electrical responses in the brain (Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEP)) using electrodes attached to the scalp.

20
Q

Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEP)

A

The electrical responses in the brain from sound that are measured during an electrocochleography.

21
Q

Latency

A

The time period that elapses between the introduction of a stimulus and the occurrence of the response

22
Q

Amplitude

A

The strength or magnitude of the AEP

23
Q

Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)

A

AEPs that occur within 10-15 milliseconds after the introduction of a signal that are believed to originate in the VIIIth cranial nerve and the brain stem

24
Q

Auditory Middle Latency Response (AMLR)

A

An AEP occurring from 15-60 milliseconds in latency

25
Q

Auditory Late Response (ALR)

A

AEPs that occurs between 50-200 milliseconds

26
Q

Auditory Event Related Potentials (ERP)

A

AEPs that occur between 220-600 milliseconds

27
Q

Recruitment

A

When a person cannot hear below a certain intensity, but can hear perfectly fine over that intensity. For example, a person may not be able to hear from 60 dB and below, but once 60 dB is reached, they hear that sound at that specific intensity. Hearing aids are not a good option for these patients.

28
Q

Decruitment

A

When intensity of sounds cannot be differentiated

29
Q

Tone Decay

A

When a tone that is heard, even at 5 dB above threshold, the sound dies away quickly