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A&P 1 > Ch 7-9 > Flashcards

Ch 7-9 Flashcards

0
Q

Epiphysis

A

(long Bone Structure)

Ends of bone

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1
Q

Diaphysis

A

(Long Bone Structure)

Shaft

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2
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

(long bone structure)

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering epiphysis

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3
Q

Periosteum

A

The membrane covering the bone.

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4
Q

Medullary Canal

A

Cavity in diaphysis containing yellow marrow

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5
Q

Endosteum

A

Membrane lining medullary canal and other internal surfaces.

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6
Q

Compact Bone

A

[Dense] continuous matrix with no gaps that provides protection and support ~ forms external layer of all bones.

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7
Q

Spongy Bone

A 
[Cancellous] 
Branching plates (trabeculae) with lots of space filled with red marrow ~ found at ends of long bones and inside short, flat, irregular bones.
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8
Q

Immature bone-forming cells that secrete collagen, matrix

A

Osteoblasts

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9
Q

Mature bone cells, maintain

A

Osteocytes

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10
Q

Destroy bone for development, growth, repair

A

Osteoclasts

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11
Q

Blood vessels and nerves run longitudinally through ____ ?

A

Haversian canals

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12
Q

Where bone occurs in layers around central canals

A

Lamellae

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13
Q

____ connect lacunae to each other and to central canal.

A

Canaliculi

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14
Q

: any of the small channels in bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and that lie perpendicular to and communicate with the haversian canals

A

Volkman’s Canals

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15
Q

Internal struts (branching plates) have no central canal. Has nourishment from red marrow.

A

Trabeculae

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16
Q

What are the soft spots of the skull?

A

Fontanels

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17
Q

________ is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. Also called growth plate. Responsible for long bone growth.

A

The epiphyseal plate

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18
Q

_______ is a major loss of bone mass that leaves bones prone to fracture. More frequent in women partially due to drop in estrogen levels after menopause.

A

Osteoporosis

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19
Q

the red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells.

It is found in the cavities of many bones, including flat and short bones, bodies of the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and articulating ends of long bones.

A

Red marrow

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20
Q

________ bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular

is found in the medullary canal – the hollow interior of long bones.

A

Yellow marrow

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21
Q

what is the difference between endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification?

A

INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION: forms the flat bones of the skull, face, jaw, and center of clavicle. bone is formed in sheet-like layers that reseamble a membrane.
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION: forms most bones in the body, mostly long bones, and replace cartilage with bone.

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22
Q

Simple fracture

A

Bone does not penetrate skin

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23
Q

Compound fracture

A

Bone does penetrate skin

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24
Q

Impacted fracture

A

Fragments driven together

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25
Q

Green stick fracture

A

Incomplete

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26
Q

Displaced fracture

A

Bones out of alignment

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27
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Caused by twisting

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28
Q

Which three vitamins are needed for proper bone function?

A

Vitamin D, A, & C

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29
Q

Vitamin D

A

Needed for proper calcium absorption

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30
Q

Vitamin A

A

Osteoblast and osteoclast activity

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31
Q

Vitamin C

A

Collagen synthesis

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32
Q

(Somatotropin) by anterior pituitary gland stimulates division of cartilage cells in epiphyseal plate

  • overproduction: gigantism
  • underproduction- dwarfism
  • excess in humans: acromegaly (big hands, feet, jaw)
A

Growth Hormone

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33
Q

Modulate activity of the growth hormone so proportions are correct

A

Thyroid hormones

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34
Q

(Testosterone & estrogen) stimulate growth and development, then ossify epiphyseal plates

A

Sex hormones

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35
Q

Helps regulate bone remodeling

A

Serotonin

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36
Q

(From food and UV light exposure) stimulates calcium absorption from the small intestine

A

Vitamin D

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37
Q

From parathyroid gland when blood calcium levels low

Increases calcitriol formed

A

Parathyroid hormone

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38
Q

Increase release of calcium from bone to blood by increasing osteoclast activity

Stimulates kidneys to release less calcium into the urine by increasing calcium reabsorption in kidneys tubules

A

Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol act together

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39
Q

Physical stress stimulates bone _____?

A

Strengthens bone

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40
Q

Bones of the head, neck, & trunk

A

Axial skeleton

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41
Q

Bones of the arms and legs, pelvic and pectoral girdle

A

Appendicular skeleton

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42
Q

Mucus lined air-filled openings in 5 skull bones

  • lightens skull
  • enhances voice quality
  • warms and humidifies air
A

Paranasal sinuses

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43
Q

Cavities with eyes, muscles, lacrimal, glands formed by parts of 7 bones

A

Orbits

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44
Q

Allows passage of spinal cord

A

Foramen magnum

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45
Q

the topmost vertebra of the backbone, articulating with the occipital bone of the skull.

No body or spinous process

C1

A

Atlas

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46
Q

The second bone of the vertebrae (C2), which contains a distinct bony protuberance, the odontoid process (dens), on which the first cervical vertebra (C1), which carries the head, rotates.

A

Axis

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47
Q

Suture that is between parietal bones

A

Sagittal suture

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48
Q

Suture that is between frontal & parietal bones

A

Coronal suture

49
Q

Suture that is between occipital and parietal bones

A

Lambdoidal suture

50
Q

Suture that is between temporal and parietal bones

A

Squamous suture

51
Q

The bone that separates the 2 nasal cavities ___?

A

Vomer bone

52
Q

What bone does not articulate with any other bone?

A

Hyoid bone

53
Q

CTLSC (some tell lies, some care)

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

54
Q

Found in the neck

7

A

Cervical vertebrae

55
Q

Found in the chest
Articulate with ribs
12

A

Thoracic vertebrae

56
Q

Located under thoracic vertebrae & in the curvature if the spine
5

A

Lumbar vertebrae

57
Q

Located in the pelvic
1
5 fused bones

A

Sacrum

58
Q

Located in the pelvic/ tailbone
1
4 fused bones

A

Coccyx

59
Q

First 7 pair of ribs

Join directly to sternum with costal cartilage

A

True ribs

60
Q

Pairs 8-10 of ribs

Join indirectly to costal cartilage

A

False ribs

61
Q

Pair 11-12 of ribs

Do not join at sternum at all

A

Floating ribs

62
Q

What bone is the collar bone?

A

Clavicle

63
Q

What bone is the shin bone?

A

Tibia

64
Q

What bones are the wrist bones? (8 each)

A

Carpals

65
Q

What bone is the heel bone?

A

Calcaneus

66
Q

What bones are finger bones?

A

Phalanges

67
Q

What bone is the kneecap?

A

Patella

68
Q

What is the largest bone in the body?

A

Femur

69
Q

What are the bones that are the ankle bones?

A

Tarsal bones

70
Q

A _______ (joint) is a point of contact between two or more bones

A

Articulation

71
Q

Bundles of collagen that connect bone to bone and reinforce joints

A

Ligaments

72
Q

Any of the ligaments associated with a synovial joint but separate from and external to its articular capsule.

A

extracapsular ligament

73
Q

ligaments located within and separate from the articular capsule of a synovial joint.

A

intracapsular ligaments.

74
Q

a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

A

Tendon

75
Q

a thin fibrous cartilage between the surfaces of some joints, e.g., the knee.

A

Meniscus

76
Q

a fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity, especially one countering friction at a joint.

A

Bursa

77
Q

: In medicine, a ring of fibrocartilage (fibrous cartilage) around the edge of the articular (joint) surface of a bone. The term —— is used in anatomy to designate a lip, edge, or brim.

A

Labrum

78
Q

The tendons of the muscle that surround the joint. Surrounds all of joint except the inferior aspect (weakest part)

A

The rotator cuff

79
Q

Displacement of a bone from a joint with the tearing of ligaments, tendons and articular capsule

A

Dislocation

80
Q

Inflammation of bursa due to overuse or stress

A

Bursitis

81
Q

Inflammation of joints.

A

Arthritis

82
Q

Inflammation of tendon

A

Tendinitis

83
Q

fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. the principal role of the fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement. Also nourishes cartilage, lubricates, reabsorbs fluid

A

Synovial fluid

84
Q

Joint function of synarthroses joint

A

Immovable

85
Q

Joint function of amphiarthroses joint

A

Partially moveable

86
Q

Joint function of diarthroses joint

A

Freely movable

87
Q

Structural joint that has no joint cavity; bones joined by fibrous connective tissue

A

Fibrous

88
Q

Structural joint that has no joint cavity; bones joined by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous

89
Q

Structural joint that has a synovial (joint) cavity present; bones are surrounded by articular capsule and often by accessory ligaments

A

Synovial

90
Q

Fibrous joint that has a thin layer of dense, fibrous connective tissue that joins skull bones

A

Suture

91
Q

Fibrous joint that has cone shaped pegs that fit into socket
-roots of teeth held in by periodontal ligaments

A

Gomphosis

92
Q

Fibrous joint in which there is more fibrous connective tissue and bones are not held together as tightly as a suture

Occurs between tibia and fibula and between radius and ulna

A

Syndesmosis

93
Q 
Cartilaginous joint
Synarthrosis
Connecting material is hyaline cartilage
Temporary: epiphyseal plate(ossifies) 
Permanent: many bruin and first rib
A

Synchondrosis

94
Q 
Cartilaginous joint 
Amphiarthrosis
Disc of fibrocartilage between bones
Intervertebral disks 
Pubic symphysis
A

Symphysis

95
Q

(synovial joint)
Articulating surfaces are flat
Glides back and forth and side to side
Rotation is prevented

Inter carpal, intertarsal, between vertebrae, sacroiliac

A

Gliding joint

96
Q

(synovial joint)
Convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another
Monaxial- in one plane

Elbow, knees, fingers

A

Hinge joint

97
Q

(synovial joint)
A round or pointed surface of one bone fits into a ring formed by another bone and a ligament
Rotation
Monaxial

Atlas/axis; radius/ulna

A

Pivot joint

98
Q

(synovial joint)
An oval shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone
Variety of motion in different planes

Radio carpal joint, knuckles

A

Condyloid joint

99
Q

(synovial joint)
Each surface has both convex and concave areas
Biaxial - motion in 2 planes

Allows opposition of thumb (between carpal and metacarpal of thumb)

A

Saddle joint

100
Q

(synovial joint)
Ball shaped surface of one bone fits into a cup,Ike depression of another
Most freely moving joint type, allowing motion in all planes, including rotation

Hip and shoulder

A

Ball and socket joint

101
Q

Type of angular movement

Bending, decreases angle

A

Flexion

102
Q

Type of angular movement

Straightening, increase angle

A

Extension

103
Q

a small independent bone or bony nodule developed in a tendon where it passes over an angular structure, typically in the hands and feet. The kneecap is a particularly large sesamoid bone.

A

sesamoid bone

104
Q

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

A

Hematoma

105
Q

Move toward midline

A

Adduction

106
Q

Move away from the midline

A

Abduction

107
Q

Makes a cone in space

A

Circumduction

108
Q

Turns on axis

A

Rotation

109
Q

Lifting toes of the foot up

A

Dorsiflexon

110
Q

Pointing soles

A

Plantar Flexion

111
Q

Turn sole medially

A

Inversion

112
Q

Turn sole laterally

A

Eversion

113
Q

Turn hand Palm forward

A

Supination

114
Q

Turn hand palm backward

A

Pronation

115
Q

At the elbow , the trochlea of the humerus articulates with the ____ (bone) and the capitulum with the ____ (bone).

A

Ulna; radius

116
Q

Posterior femur to anterior tibia

Prevents hyperextension

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

117
Q

Anterior femur to posterior tibia

Prevents hyper-flexion

A

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

118
Q

Which ligament is most often stretched or torn in 70% of all serious knee injuries?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

119
Q

what is the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

A

The main difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis is the cause behind the joint symptoms. Osteoarthritis is caused by mechanical wear and tear on joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s own immune system attacks the body’s joints.

A&P 1 (3 decks)

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