Ch 6A: Connective Tissue Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch 6A: Connective Tissue Deck (44)
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1
Q

Characteristics of connective tissue

A

cells farther apart, and held together by matrix

all C.T. is vascular, except Cartilage (avascular); nutrients and wastes can diffuse through the semi-solid matrix of Cartilage, but blood vessels cannot pass through

matrix made by fibroblasts; contains the protein Collagen which gives support, and is found in all C.T.; other proteins in matrix include Reticulin which forms a network and gives some support, and is found in glands and lymphoid tissues; and Elastin which gives some flexibility and stretch ability, and is found in the lungs and urinary bladder.

other cells in C.T. include macrophages (phagocytic); and mast cells (secrete histamine for the allergic response)

2
Q

What are the four types of CT Proper?

A
  1. dense regular CT (white fibrous)
  2. dense irregular CT
  3. Loose CT (Areolar CT)
  4. Adipose Tissue (fatty tissue)
3
Q

what is the structure of dense regular CT (White fibrous)

A

parallel arrangement of thick collagen fibers

4
Q

where is dense regular CT located?

A

Tendons (muscle to bone) and Ligaments (bone to bone)

5
Q

what is the function of dense regular CT

A

strong connection

6
Q

what is the structure of dense irregular CT

A

random arrangement of thick collagen fibers;

7
Q

what is the function of dense irregular CT

A

support and protection

8
Q

where is the dense irregular CT located

A

dermis of the skin and capsules around kidneys

9
Q

what is the structure of loose CT (areolar CT)

A

random arrangement of thin collagen fibers;

10
Q

what is the function of loose CT

A

allows for passage of blood vessels and nerves;

11
Q

where is loose CT located

A

dermis of skin; and muscle

12
Q

what is the structure of adipose tissue (fatty tissue)

A

adipocytes embedded in loose C.T.

13
Q

what is the function of adipose tissue

A

cushion / protection; temperature regulation

14
Q

where is adipose tissue located

A

hypodermic of skin (subcutaneous layer), around heart, kidneys, and abdominal organs.

15
Q

what are the two types of adipose tissue

A
  1. white/yellow which can act as the thermo-regulator and cushion or protect
  2. brown which is present in newborns, and is replaced by the white/yellow. The brown adipose tissue is mainly involved in thermoregulation.
16
Q

what are the six types of special CT

A
  1. cartilage
  2. hyaline cartilage
  3. elastic cartilage
  4. fibrocartilage
  5. bone
  6. blood
17
Q

what is the structure of cartilage

A

avascular; chondrocytes located in lacunae in a semi-solid matrix

18
Q

what is the function of cartilage

A

support and flexibility

19
Q

where is the cartilage located

A

joints, nose and ears

20
Q

what is the structure of hyaline cartilage

A

chondrocytes in moderate collagen-rich matrix

21
Q

what is the function of hyaline cartilage

A

support and some protection

22
Q

where is hyaline cartilage located

A

forms semi-circular rings around trachea; keeps airway from closing; also connects ribs to sternum

23
Q

what is the structure of elastic cartilage

A

chondrocytes in elastin-rich matrix

24
Q

what is the function of elastic cartilage

A

support and flexibility

25
Q

where is elastic cartilage located

A

ears and nostrils

26
Q

what is the structure of fibrocartilage

A

chondrocytes in abundant collagen-rich matrix;

27
Q

what is the function of fibrocartilage

A

support and much protection

28
Q

where is the fibrocartilage located

A

intervertebral discs of vertebral column

29
Q

what is the structure of bone

A

vascular; osteocytes located in lacunae in a solid matrix

30
Q

what is the function of bone

A

support and

protection

31
Q

where is bone located

A

attachment site for tendons and ligaments; and blood cell production

32
Q

compact bone

A

gives strength and support

33
Q

spongy bone

A

offers some flexibility

34
Q

what is the structure of blood?

A

cells include Erythrocytes (RBC’s); Leukocytes (WBC’s); and Thrombocytes (platelets)

35
Q

what are the three types of membranes

A
  1. mucous membrane
  2. serous membrane
  3. mesenteries
36
Q

what is the structure of the mucous membrane

A

composed of Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium with Goblet Cells

37
Q

what is the function of the mucous membrane

A

lines passageways that open to the outside of the body

38
Q

what is the location of the mucous membrane

A

lines the nasal and oral cavities; and lines the tubes of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.

39
Q

what is the structure of the serous membrane

A

double membranes of loose C.T. covered by a layer of simple squamous epithelium or mesothelium.

Visceral refers to the inner layer of the membrane, closest to the organ

parietal refers to the outer layer of the membrane, farthest from the organ).

40
Q

peritoneum

A

which lines abdominal and pelvic walls and covers organs

41
Q

pericardium

A

which lines the pericardial cavity (heart)

42
Q

pleura

A

lines the pleural cavities (lungs) and the wall of the thorax

43
Q

what is the function of mesenteries

A

suspend organs in the abdomino-pelvic cavity; also serves as point of attachment for organs; and allows nerves and blood vessels to pass through

44
Q

what are the locations of mesenteries

A

Omentum (attaches to stomach); and Broad Ligament (attaches to uterus).