Ch 61 Fetal Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch 61 Fetal Anterior Abdominal Wall Deck (42)
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1
Q

What are the three most common abdominal wall defects?

A
  1. Omphalocele
  2. Umbilical Hernia
  3. Gastroschisis
2
Q

What are some other RARE defects? {5}

A

Ectopic Cordis, Penology of Cantrell, Limb-Body Wall Complex, Amniotic Band Syndrome, & Bladder/Cloacal Exstrohpy

3
Q

Abdominal wall defects cause distortion of the normal contour of the _____ or ______ surface of the fetal abdomen.

A

Ventral or Anterior surface

4
Q

Does gastroschisis have a membrane?

A

NO

5
Q

What is the cord insertion with omphalocele and gastroschisis like?

A

omphalocele- cord goes through

gastroschisis- is to the right of the cord

6
Q

Omphaloceles often occurs with _________.

A

Chromosomal abnormalities

7
Q

When trying to differentiate gastroschisis from omphaloceles consider…. {5}

A
  1. Look for presence of a membrane
  2. Look at the umbilical cord insertion
  3. Determine which organs are eviscerated
  4. Determine if bowel is normal in texture
  5. Look for other anomalies because omphaloceles often occurs with chromosomal anomalies
8
Q

Develops when there is a midline defect of the abdominal muscles, fascia, & skin that results in herniation of intra-abdominal structures into the base of the umbilical cord.

A

Omphalocele

9
Q

An omphalocele herniation is covered by a membrane that consists of _____ and ______.

A

Amnion and Peritoneum

10
Q

AFP with Omphalocele is…

A

May be slightly elevated or normal {because it is covered by a membrane}

11
Q

Two types of omphalocele…

A
  1. Contains liver in the sac {may or may not contain bowel}

2. Contain a variable amount of bowel WITHOUT liver

12
Q

Bowel only ompaloceles have a greater risk for chromosomal abnormalities and other anomalies {T/F}

A

TRUE

13
Q

Most common chromosomal abnormalities associated with omphaloceles are what?

A

Trisomy 13 and 18

14
Q

Consider __________ when scoliosis is found with omphalocele.

A

Limb-body wall complex

15
Q

Beckwith-Weidmann syndrome is made up of… {3}

A
  1. Macroglossia
  2. Omphalocele
  3. Visceromegaly
16
Q

Herniation of small bowel into amniotic fluid through an open defect {usually an isolated event}

A

Gastroschisis

17
Q

What are the two most likely causes of gastroschisis?

A
  1. Atrohpy of the RIGHT umbilical VEIN

2. Disruption of the omphalomesenteric ARTERY

18
Q

Is AFP elevated with gastroschisis?

A

YES, significantly elevated AFP with gastroschisis

19
Q

Is gastroschisis more common in males or females?

A

MALES

20
Q

Coexisting anomalies are rare with gastroschisis {T/F]

A

TRUE

21
Q

With gastroschisis there is mildly dilated bowel and wall thickening. Extremely dilated bowel may suggest _____ or ______.

A

Infarction or bowel atresia

22
Q

Severe body wall defects are secondary to ______.

A

Amniotic band syndrome

23
Q

Also associated with gastroschisis is… {3}

A

Hydronephrosis, bladder deviation, and exstrohpy

24
Q

Rupture of membranes which entangles or entraps fetal parts by “sticky” chorion.

A

Amniotic band syndrome

25
Q

Amniotic band syndrome is ______. Occurs in ____ out of ____ births.

A

RARE. Occurs in 7.8 out of 10,000 births.

26
Q

_____ is characterized by a defect in the lower abdominal wall and anterior wall of the urinary bladder.

A

Bladder exstrophy

27
Q

Bladder exstrophy may include… {4}

A
  1. Omphalocele
  2. Inguinal hernia
  3. Undistended testes
  4. Anal problems
28
Q

Cloacal exstrophy is rare & complex. It occurs ____ in development.

A

early

29
Q

_____ results in exstrohpy of the bladder in which two hemibladders are separated by intestinal mucosa

A

Cloacal exstrophy

30
Q

Bladder exstrophy is characterized by a defect in the ______ abdominal wall and the _____ wall of the urinary bladder.

A

Lower abdominal wall and anterior wall of the urinary bladder

31
Q

Penology of Cantrell is _____.

A

RARE

32
Q

What are 5 defects associated with Penology of Cantrell?

A
  1. Higher or super umbilical omphalocele
  2. Ectopia cordis {heart outside the chest}
  3. Distal sternum defect
  4. Diaphragmatic hernia
  5. Diaphragmatic pericardium
33
Q

abnormal condition in which the brain is located outside the cranium

A

exencephaly

34
Q

protrusion of the brain through a cranial fissure

A

encephalocele

35
Q

anomaly with large cranial defects, facial cleft, large body wall defects, and limb abnormalities

A

limb-body wall complex

36
Q

rare anomaly with five defects: omphalocele, ectopic heart, lower sternum, anterior diaphragm, and diaphragmatic pericardium

A

pentalogy of Cantrell

37
Q

The severe form of amniotic band syndrome is ____.

A

Limb-body wall complex

38
Q

limb-body wall complex is a _____ condition.

A

LETHAL

39
Q

With limb-body wall complex the ____ side body wall defects are 3 times more common than ____ sided defects

A

Left is 3 times more common than right

40
Q

Anomalies associated with limb body wall complex … {5}

A
  1. Omphalocele
  2. Severe scoliosis and spinal defects
  3. Limb anomalies
  4. Large cranial and facial cleft
  5. SHORT UMBILICAL CORD
41
Q

Cloacal bladder is also known as ______ complex

A

OEIS complex

  • O omphalocle
  • E exstrohpy
  • I imperforate anus
  • S spina bifida
42
Q

The exposed heart presents outside the chest wall through a cleft sternum in ________

A

Ectopic Cordis