Ch 5: Pharmacodynamics Flashcards Preview

Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care, 9th ed. > Ch 5: Pharmacodynamics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch 5: Pharmacodynamics Deck (19)
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1
Q

It is important to note that the potency of a drug implies nothing about its…

A

…maximal efficacy.

p. 46

2
Q

We can define a receptor as…

A

…any functional macromolecule in a cell to which a drug binds to produce its effects.

(p. 46)

3
Q

When a drug binds to a receptor, all that it can do is _____ or _____ the actions of __________ regulatory molecules.

A

mimic
block
endogenous

(p. 46)

4
Q

Drugs cannot give cells ___ _________. Rather, drugs can only alter the rate of ___________ _________.

A

new functions
preexisting processes

(p. 47)

5
Q

Drugs cannot make the body do anything that…

A

….it is not already capable of doing (except in the case of gene therapy).

(p. 47)

6
Q

In theory, it should be possible to synthesize drugs that can alter the rate of…

A

…any biologic process for which receptors exist.

p. 47

7
Q

What are the 4 primary receptor families?

A

cell membrane-embedded enzymes
ligand-gated ion channels
G protein-coupled receptor systems
transcription factors

(p. 47)

8
Q

Where does the G protein-coupled receptor get its name?

A

It binds guanosine triphosphate (GTP).

p. 47

9
Q

Describe the receptors that couple to G proteins.

A

They are serpentine structures that traverse the cell membrane 7 times.

(p. 48)

10
Q

Transcription factors differ from the other 3 types of receptors in what 2 ways?

A

Transcription factors are located inside the cell rather than on the surface.
Responses to activation of these receptors are delayed.

(p. 48)

11
Q

What is the simple occupancy theory?

A

(1) the intensity of the response to a drug is proportional to the number of receptors occupied by that drug and that (2) a maximal response will occur when all available receptors have been occupied.
(p. 49)

12
Q

True or false: the simple occupancy theory can explain all important aspects of dose-response relationships.

A

False!

p. 49

13
Q

What is affinity as it pertains to the modified occupancy theory?

A

Affinity refers to the strength of the attraction between a drug and its receptor.

(p. 49)

14
Q

Drugs with a high affinity are very…

A

… potent.

p. 49

15
Q

What is intrinsic response as it pertains to the modified occupancy theory?

A

The ability of a drug to activate a receptor upon binding.

p. 49

16
Q

Drugs with high intrinsic activity have…

A

….high maximal efficacy.

p. 49

17
Q

Drugs that MIMIC the body’s own regulatory molecules are called…
Drugs that BLOCK the body’s own regulatory molecules are called…

A

agonists (i.e. they activate receptors)
antagonists (i.e. they prevent receptor activation)

(p. 50)

18
Q

What is a partial agonist?

A

A drug that mimics the body’s own regulatory molecules but produces a response of only intermediate intensity.

(p. 50)

19
Q

In terms of the modified occupancy theory, what characteristics do antagonist drugs have?

A

These drugs have an affinity for a receptor, but no intrinsic activity.

(p. 50)

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